How to Interpret Titration Curves - Lecture Notes | CHEM 3375, Study notes of Chemistry

Titration Curves Material Type: Notes; Professor: Watkins; Class: PRINCIPLES BIOCHEM; Subject: Chemistry & Biochemistry; University: Texas State University - San Marcos; Term: Fall 2010;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/12/2010

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How to Interpret Titration Curves
find the equivalence point
it is the steepest part of the curve where the pH
rises the fastest
the equivalence point can be used to determine
the equivalent weight (molar mass) of the acid
find the mid point
located in the center of the buffer region
geometrically halfway between the equivalence
point and the beginning of the titration
sometimes it is a little more complicated than this
- see the example
the midpoint determines the pKa of the acid
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

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How to Interpret Titration Curves

• find the equivalence point

– it is the steepest part of the curve where the pH

rises the fastest

– the equivalence point can be used to determine

the equivalent weight (molar mass) of the acid

• find the mid point

– located in the center of the buffer region

– geometrically halfway between the equivalence

point and the beginning of the titration

– sometimes it is a little more complicated than this

- see the example

– the midpoint determines the pKa of the acid

How to Interpret Titration Curves

• things to do first

– graph your data as seen in the next slide

– make sure you turn on the major and minor tick

marks on both axes

  • (^) double click on the axis and click on the “patterns”

tab)

– there is enough precision in the tick marks

  • (^) you should have at least 1 mL or smaller for the minor

tick mark on the x-axis

  • (^) you should have at least 0.2 pH units or smaller for the

minor tick mark on the y-axis

Weak Acid Titration Curve

Buret Volume (mL) pH

equivalence

point

mid point

A Typical Titration Curve

Weak Acid Titration Curve

Buret Volume (mL) pH

equivalence

point

Find the Equivalence Point

(Geometric method)

1) using a ruler,

draw lines that

follow the flat,

more horizontal

part of the curve

2) draw a line that

follows the flat,

more vertical part

of the curve

Weak Acid Titration Curve

Buret Volume (mL) pH

equivalence

point

Find the Equivalence Point

(Geometric method)

5) draw a vertical

line from the

equivalence point

to the x-axis

6) where the line

crosses the x-axis is

the volume at the

equivalence point

(28.7 mL in this case)

Weak Acid Titration Curve

Buret Volume (mL) pH

mid point

Find the Mid Point (Geometric

method)

1) if there is a steep rise in the pH

at the beginning of the graph,

draw a line that follows the steep

part of the curve

Weak Acid Titration Curve

Buret Volume (mL) pH

equivalence

point

Find the Mid Point (Geometric

method)

4) draw a horizontal line from the

mid point to the y-axis

5) where the line

crosses the x-axis is

the volume at the

equivalence point

(pH = 7.2 in this case)

mid point

How to Interpret Titration Curves

• find the equivalence point

– make sure you subtract the initial buret volume!

– in this case, the initial buret volume was 1.07 mL

– true equiv. pt. = 28.7 mL - 1.07 mL = 27.6 3 mL

– the 3 is the indicate the limit of the significant

figures

• calculate the equivalent weight (molar mass)

– equiv. wt. = (acid mass)/[(NaOH conc)(equiv. pt.)]

– equiv. wt. = (430.2 mg)/[(0.1139 M)(27.6 3 mL)]

– equiv. wt. = 136.699 = 137 g/mol

For you Excel Aficionados

• equivalence point

  • (^) use the first derivatived pH / d Vol
  • (^) the spike in the graph points to the equiv. pt.

• mid point

  • (^) reverse the axes for the pH curve
    • (^) x axis = pH values; y-axis = Vol values
  • (^) use the first derivatived Vol / d pH
  • (^) the spike in the graph points to the mid point

• use extra columns in the spreadsheet to make these

calcs

  • (^) 1st deriv. ( d pH / d Vol) = (pH 2 - pH 1 )/(Vol 2 - Vol 1 )
  • (^) 1st deriv. ( d Vol / d pH) = (Vol 2 - Vol 1 )/ (pH 2 - pH 1 )
    • (^) or just (the first 1st deriv)-

Weak Acid Titration Curve

Buret Volume (mL)

pH

1st Derivative (mL

-

pH 1st deriv.

Find the Equivalence Point

(derivative method)

1) identify volume

value at the peak

1) identify volume

value at the peak

(28.5 mL in this case)