HS 4510 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE, Exams of Social Sciences

HS 4510 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

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2025/2026

Available from 01/13/2026

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HS 4510 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
fixed costs - Answer -Costs stay same regardless of number of customers (rent,
utilities, insurance)
variable costs - Answer -costs that change based on numbers of consumers
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) - Answer -Framework for organizing, defining,
and standardizing the business processes necessary to effectively plan and control an
organization so the organization can use its internal knowledge to seek external
advantage.
automation - Answer -The use of technology to ease human labor or to extend the
mental or physical capabilities of humans.
Portability - Answer -refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices
or software platforms, such as different operating systems
electronic medical records (EMR) - Answer -the computerized records of one
physician's encounters with a patient over time
Electronic Health Record (EHR) - Answer -An electronic record of health-related
information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability
standards and that can be created, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians
and staff across more than one healthcare organization
cons: poor visibility, time consuming data entry
HIPPA - Answer -Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
Three Former of Businesses - Answer -1. sole proprietor: one owner
2. partnership: a legal formation of usually 2 or more people (LLC, limited liability
company)
3. Corporation: most complex, public has access to financials
Tax status of Health Care Organizations - Answer -for profit: pay state/federal taxes
not for profit: exempt from taxes
Uncompensated care - Answer -Overall measure of services provided for which no
payments were received from the patient, client, or third-party payer.
1. bad debt
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HS 4510 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

fixed costs - Answer - Costs stay same regardless of number of customers (rent, utilities, insurance) variable costs - Answer - costs that change based on numbers of consumers ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) - Answer - Framework for organizing, defining, and standardizing the business processes necessary to effectively plan and control an organization so the organization can use its internal knowledge to seek external advantage. automation - Answer - The use of technology to ease human labor or to extend the mental or physical capabilities of humans. Portability - Answer - refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems electronic medical records (EMR) - Answer - the computerized records of one physician's encounters with a patient over time Electronic Health Record (EHR) - Answer - An electronic record of health-related information on an individual that conforms to nationally recognized interoperability standards and that can be created, managed, and consulted by authorized clinicians and staff across more than one healthcare organization cons: poor visibility, time consuming data entry HIPPA - Answer - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 Three Former of Businesses - Answer - 1. sole proprietor: one owner

  1. partnership: a legal formation of usually 2 or more people (LLC, limited liability company)
  2. Corporation: most complex, public has access to financials Tax status of Health Care Organizations - Answer - for profit: pay state/federal taxes not for profit: exempt from taxes Uncompensated care - Answer - Overall measure of services provided for which no payments were received from the patient, client, or third-party payer.
  3. bad debt
  1. charity care FTE - Answer - full time equivalent Human resource Management - Answer - consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce HRM falls into two general areas - Answer - 1. staffing and designing work
  2. employee compensation benefits Two Functions of Human Resource Management - Answer - 1. Line: directly relate to output (ex: doctors, nurses, PT)
  3. Staff: support line function (ex: HR, marketing) Forces affecting HR - Answer -- declining reimbursements
  • shortage of skilled workers, changes in recruiting and staffing specialized services
  • increasing population needs staffing - Answer - A management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company's objectives
  1. workforce planning: determine the future staff needed and acquire them
  2. Employee retention: care, support, and development of staff compensation - Answer - designed to improve organizational performance major forms of benefits for employees - Answer - 1. sick leave
  3. vacation
  4. holidays
  5. health insurance
  6. life insurance Uses of performance appraisal - Answer -- let workers know how they are doing and how they can do better
  • provide the basis for distributing rewards
  • help the organization monitor employee selection, training, and development activities types of sexual harassment - Answer - 1. Quid Pro Quo
  1. Hostile Work Environment quid pro quo - Answer - something given in exchange or return for something else. "Ill give you a raise if you do this" hostile work environment - Answer - form of sexual harassment deriving from off-color jokes, lewd comments, and so forth

cultural proficiency - Answer - implement changes to improve services based upon cultural needs, do research and teach cultural proficiency initiatives - Answer - workforce diversity, supportive leadership, assessment on individual and org levels, education and training Sources of ethics - Answer - Personal Organizational Theoretical Bioethics Kantian Ethics - Answer - Categorical Imperative. The motivating PRINCIPLES determine right or wrongness. ALWAYS wrong to lie. Rahl - Answer - Rahls Theory of Justice: you help the worst off John Stuart Mill - Answer - Created utilitarianism, greatest good for greatest number Sources of American Law - Answer - constitution, legislatures, executive orders, administrative regulations, courts Criminal v. Civil Law - Answer - Criminal law is a collection of laws defining crimes and establishing punishment. Violations are classified as felonies or misdemeanors. Civil laws regulate conduct and allows for the settlement of disputes between private persons over non-criminal matters such as contracts, divorce, and business relations true/false: malpractice can be either criminal or civil law - Answer - TRUE Elements of a contract - Answer -- made between two parties

  • both must be component to consent
  • must be las Types of Torts - Answer - 1. negligence: generally unintentional
  1. Intentional: deliberate acts Negligence (four elements) - Answer - 1. a duty toward harmed party
  2. breach of duty
  3. injury or damages
  4. causation malpractice - Answer - defined as negligence or carelessness of a professional persons defensive medicine - Answer - action taken to reduce malpractice claims
  5. positive: over treatment
  6. negative: avoid high risk patients

Beginning of Life Care Issues - Answer - 1. pavilion and funding of contraception

  1. provision and funding of abortion
  2. court cases and state laws
  3. balancing parental, societal, and practitioner rights and responsibilities Good Samaritan Law - Answer - Provides limited protection to someone who voluntarily chooses to provide first aid brainstorming - Answer - a group discussion designed to solve a problem, issue, situation rules of brainstorming - Answer - 1. more ideas=better
  4. no judgement
  5. don't analyze each other in beginning
  6. everyone contributes herd immunity - Answer - when a majority of a population is vaccinated everyone is safer Bioterrorism - Answer - the use of biological and chemical weapons in terrorist attacks human trafficking - Answer - The illegal trade of human beings, a modern-day form of slavery, for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or involuntary military combat. push factors - Answer - pushing info in (pharmaceutical sales) pull factors - Answer - people demanding (patients) workplace violence - Answer - Violent acts (including assault and threat of assault) directed toward persons at work or while on duty Stalking - Answer - Repeatedly following, harassing, or threatening an individual