Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Human anatomy upper quadrant Thoracic wall
Typology: Cheat Sheet
1 / 48
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
The arm It extends from the shoulder joint till the elbow joint. The medial and lateral intermuscular septae arising from the deep fascia of the arm divide the arm into anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments. Each compartment has its own muscles, vessels and nerve. The flexor compartment: Muscle โ biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis. Nerve โ musculocutaneous nerve Vessels โ brachial vessels
Coracobrachialis Origin - Tip of coracoid process of scapula Insertion - Middle third of medial border of the humerus Action - Helps to flex and adduct the arm Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6 and C7)
Brachialis Origin - Distal half of anteromedial and anterolateral surface surface of the humerus, medial and lateral intermuscular septae. Insertion - Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna. Action - Major flexor of forearm at the elbow joint. Innervation - Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 )
Triceps brachii Origin - Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head : posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove, medial & lateral intermuscular septa Insertion โ posterior part of the superior surface of the olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm Action - Chief extensor of forearm; long head steadies head of abducted humerus Innervation - Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8) In radial nerve injury in the arm, the triceps usually escapes paralysis because the nerves supplying it arise in the axilla.
Cubital fossa
Brachial artery and its terminal branches
The Forearm The forearm extends from the elbow to the wrist joint. Like the arm it also contains anterior or flexor compartment and posterior or extensor compartment. Radius and the ulna form the skeleton of the forearm. Front of the arm or flexor compartment of the arm: The front of the arm contains 5 superficial muscles โ PT, FCR, PL, FDS, FCU 3 deep muscles โ FPL, FDP, PQ Radial and ulnar arteries Median, ulnar and radial nerves.
Pronator teres Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion - Middle one-third of lateral surface of radius Action - Pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow) Innervation - Median nerve (C6 and C7 )
Palmaris longus Origin - Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion - Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of the palmar aponeurosis Action - Flexes hand (at wrist) and tightens the palmar aponeurosis Innervation - Median nerve (C7 and C8)
Flexor digitorum superficialis Origin - Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius Insertion - Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5 Action - Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints and hand Innervation - Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1)
Flexor digitorum profundus Origin - Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5 Action - Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; assists with flexion of hand Innervation - Medial part: ulnar nerve ( C8 and T1) Lateral part : anterior interosseous branch of median nerve ( C8 and T1)
Flexor pollicis longus Origin - Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane Insertion - Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action - Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb) Innervation - Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve ( C8 and T1)
Flexor retinaculum is a strong fibrous band which bridges the anterior concavity of the carpus and converts it into a tunnel, the carpal tunnel. Attachment - medially to pisiform bone and hook of the hamate.
Carpal tunnel syndrome โ usually occurs in females between the age of 40-70. In this condition there will be motor, sensory, vasomotor and trophic symptoms in the hand caused by compression of median nerve in the carpal tunnel. Your doctor may suggest you to work with a physical or occupational therapist. If all attempts to control your symptoms fail, surgery may be suggested to reduce the pressure on the median nerve.
