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Human Excaetory System Nitrogenows wares Ammonia (N43) 4 Highly tonic Sélvole Mm watun Highly pemerble 2 Ts remave 19 ammanig, Soom water required 3a Ammemotelic animal al = Creshinine =» Amine acid Urea Uric, acid ~) 100,000 less toxic than les tonic than urea ammonia, ea salle in erxaber 4 Mammal & Birdy 3 Ls =-1ml a 1g =50wW 4 ry Stel, 7 Humans an Urea 1 Tnsocks Reptiles , Birdy ey tle (Wier) Yricatelic Curimal L cen dammunta gr _ Urea Cycle welewrken, to 1 ureq m oleculy erate pipebhace Citrulline Aspartate ~ Ureatuic animals T. X . Omithine Ureacycle {yginine: wy ini A Arginine | HO Fum: AQ oe 3 “- @. w Urine => Comboshydrates do not produce nilreyenewy wartts- => lipids , Proteins & Nudeic, acide preduce nitresenews Lrorkes os they tonto nitrejen wm then Composition 7 KIDNEY Renal cortex Nephron ° Retro peritoneal organ Renal medulla ies = . Along vertebral column ( 12 thoradc vertebral to comvey| Ren column Renal artery voncoe . Poin ( Right 4 left ) 3M lumbar ) side | Renal papila Renal vein | cige v Renal pelvis Ureter — Slightly lower due o presence ef Uver Renal capsule « 1- 1.3 wlkin nephrons m ach Kidney Internal structure of Kidney NEPHRON Cortical Nephron Tunka me dary nephron Bo- 8S. - $-UY s along carte, . olen Hee, berden of cortey € media, - Shor+ LU ‘ Leng UH = derp wh media Vevwely around ~ Derjbtplors capilonics oreund 0-6-T P.O.T 2 0.6-T and 0-C.T one ewlled 1 peuitubla, » Additional enpiinia orwund L.A i capillaries. CNMed vasa_ recta. -diluke urine . nc uring 4 at Hr0 wW veabsorbed more ble tone of witetium T doen mea. = COU ohron than nophiveng ‘m Kidvoy ang, ¢ From tovten tb medulla conc of tnstetinn mMUegres Nou pawivels reabroretd im lover asunding LH im thicl ascending LH 2 D.C. Nat ow ackv reabsorbed by le action e€ oldoerme. +» 44-32 fillnste con lee reaborerbed. 3. Tabor Seerthiony PAdding material to Gumeudus Slerate 4 mols DCT . H* 5) kt 1 NH; - Moamtewns Hy pit ef urine Blord supply : Eferent ontrridg —? Vritueulan enpilenies —9 Vana recka J Renal ven €— Intinihbblan vem G Veonrles d HORMONAL ACTION wm Urinows ater > Ankidiwmehic Yormwne (ADH) » Alda rermne Y alse Known ay voropremin Ly Produce from Adernsd corlen 4 Produce wm bg pathy lowmnus & More in Ly Ack m DCT € thick aseundirs LH perterior pitrtong gfe. 4 Reolosor pti of Nat & seoekion af UAds m C-D 2 D.6-T k* . Ly Plag rie im cmunetio of water Ly Dertruckiom ot adennal corter repth 4 defidenug ot ADH causes diabeley baypidius im aldaterme deficiency Cares lange, gyartiteg Addison's disease. of dshke uring Ly dectrolyle imbalance + Para tugroid Hermie, (PTH) » Renin Ly Produte from poratrurid alands 4 Produce frm ki 4 Ads m ie, : Bd en Kidnegs on ponk of G Plays role in reabsorption of Ca’ RAAS (Renin — anpiottnsin - aldoverme SyHiern ) - Alvial Natriuedic, peptide CANP Hormone ) \ Plog role in regulating Iblood UY Produce from Heat presune . yY Ah Mm nephrons 4 Ploy rely im dilation of afferwr otetnritle amd imhilth Na < Hd realotorption KIDNEY PROBLEMS . Kid Amt > Nephr lithe “ Ue titania Inflammatim ef kidney dug + Kidnes Hone w tome ou Gthoneph vitis [ey Aone Awiti's . Hypercalcemia > high calcium im bleod Hyper oxalunion =) high oxolote, Ww blerd Typ of Kidnes, Hones \} Colcium oxalate type 1, Calcium Prorvplote bape Ly 707, Carers 4 IS7 high level c£ Calteum £ oxulote 3 high lel of Calcium & Phorphate Kidney foiluve Ly fail, to filly dhe blood Rate ky failure (sudden) Y dus eC a 1 drugs , debvadrahion th -) ie leg coumed, ly 2 Vorniiting 1 diarrhoes, 3. Diurern (excem urine exeretio ) 4. Obrruchon of urelens, Wadden urtthra 6. Seovtray nephritis Onwornit, Kidney farlune due tb buy penterrion , heat disease “ leg camed ! wed long \. Bacterial infectim of the pelvis and surrounding His sug 1. Mephritis (mflammokion ot wephrm ) ). Damaye dug te high Mood prem 4. Disheles madlity Chgyner gy cemrior) Diokyris ss tempore Artifical Proce —> Mord prrification Haemodialsvis & Arkficiol ki machine Dialy2er) Ly file texing 2 eeey wotrn from lboool then AV frtwla 4 2-3 timmy a veek Porirtnesl dialysi Ly dakar fu (diolysete ) enkens wo body cowry eg? cahsten Y Peritneel membrane ats ov mbificial fin Y dialysate oktrak te. molecules ond eurewy wokey frm the lelood acron Ke peri tone ond wu droned ouh f lbedy Ly Continvow procem Ly regulon cuthange, ot dinky rate u ver vired Kidnoy trams lams Uremia: Bad sheye / Wig degree ot renal failure Reayui revert . makeing. danor —» Usse retake [sibhings f dL ceonred pow) - ABO Comp aki bi lity » Human leucocyte, omkignn Produre > ald Kidney intact if not fected 4 Neo Kida A bum abdomen 3 Neaw femcral onkeny Lyconneck vith ferwret onktany Complications — To deol vith complication = Cydawperin Wjedto Ly Lmmuno Susp prerewsk Y Reduce trantp (anf rejectim Ly Tonic effect A Vopping Kk , rycckion Com Olen wom alin ot 
