Human Resource Management: Job Analysis, Design, and Selection, Exams of Law

A comprehensive overview of key concepts in human resource management, focusing on job analysis, design, and selection processes. It explores the importance of work flow analysis, job characteristics model, and various methods for conducting job analysis. The document also delves into different approaches to job design and redesign, highlighting the significance of external factors affecting the recruiting process. Additionally, it covers various selection methods, including skills tests, personality tests, and interviews, emphasizing the importance of pre-employment inquiries and legal considerations. The document concludes with an examination of hr forecasting and its role in predicting future hr needs.

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2024/2025

Available from 12/20/2024

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SPEA
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V 373 Test 2
Negligent Hire - ✔️✔️A legal concept that says if the organization hires someone who
may pose a danger to coworkers, customers, suppliers, or other third parties, and if that
person then harms someone else in the course of working for the company, then the
company can be held liable for the individual's actions
Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (UGESP) - ✔️✔️Guidelines
that provide information that can be used to avoid discriminatory hiring practices as well
as discrimination in other employment decisions
Validity - ✔️✔️the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
criterion-related validity - ✔️✔️an assessment of the ability of a test to measure some
other factor related to the test
Why do you need work flow analysis? - ✔️✔️1. HR Planning
2. Job Evaluation for Compensations
3. Staffing
4. Training
5. Performance Management
6. Maintain a safe work environment
5 Major Methods for Conducting Job Analysis - ✔️✔️- the core of HRM & the basis for
everything we do
1. Questionnaire:
2. Interviews: ask incumbent questions
3. Diaries: worker maintains log of activity
Pros:
4. Observation: someone observes worker and records what they do
5. Subject Matter Expert (SME) Panel: experts use their background & expertise to
identify major tasks associated with the job
What is gig work and why is it increasing at a rapid pace? - ✔️✔️Ans: Gig work is
temporary or contract work.
- allows companies to avoid hiring new permanent employees by hiring temporary
independent contractors
- They do not have to provide the same benefits for temporary or independent
contractors
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SPEA-V 373 Test 2

Negligent Hire - ✔️ ✔️ A legal concept that says if the organization hires someone who may pose a danger to coworkers, customers, suppliers, or other third parties, and if that person then harms someone else in the course of working for the company, then the company can be held liable for the individual's actions Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures (UGESP) - ✔️ ✔️ Guidelines that provide information that can be used to avoid discriminatory hiring practices as well as discrimination in other employment decisions Validity - ✔️ ✔️ the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to criterion-related validity - ✔️ ✔️ an assessment of the ability of a test to measure some other factor related to the test Why do you need work flow analysis? - ✔️ ✔️ 1. HR Planning

  1. Job Evaluation for Compensations
  2. Staffing
  3. Training
  4. Performance Management
  5. Maintain a safe work environment 5 Major Methods for Conducting Job Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ - the core of HRM & the basis for everything we do
  6. Questionnaire:
  7. Interviews: ask incumbent questions
  8. Diaries: worker maintains log of activity Pros:
  9. Observation: someone observes worker and records what they do
  10. Subject Matter Expert (SME) Panel: experts use their background & expertise to identify major tasks associated with the job What is gig work and why is it increasing at a rapid pace? - ✔️ ✔️ Ans: Gig work is temporary or contract work.
    • allows companies to avoid hiring new permanent employees by hiring temporary independent contractors
  • They do not have to provide the same benefits for temporary or independent contractors

Job Design vs Job Redesign - ✔️ ✔️ -identifies tasks that employees are responsible for and how those tasks will be accomplished

  • Changes tasks or how they are performed. Work smarter, not harder Job Design - ✔️ ✔️ The process by which managers decide how to divide tasks into specific jobs job redesign - ✔️ ✔️ a type of job enrichment in which work is restructured to cultivate the worker-job match External factors affecting the recruiting process - ✔️ ✔️ 1. Labor Market: the external pool of candidates from which we draw our recruits.
  1. Supply and Demand and the unemployment rate: Supply and demand compares how man recruits are available and how many we actually need. Unemployment affects the supply of recruits, but even if the supply is high overall, there still may be a shortage of qualified candidates. 5 Approaches to Job Design and Redesign - ✔️ ✔️ 1. Mechanistic Job Design
  2. Biological
  3. Organic Job Design
  4. Perceptual/Motor Job Design
  5. Motivational Job Design Work Flow Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ the tool that we use to identify what has to be done within the organization to produce a product or service The 4 Ms of Work Flow Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ 1. Machines (tools, equipment)
  6. Materials ( raw materials, facilities)
  7. Manpower (people)
  8. Money (financial resources Job Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ the process used to identify the work performed and the working conditions for each of the jobs within our organizations job description - ✔️ ✔️ identifies the major tasks, duties, and responsibilities that are components of a job job specification - ✔️ ✔️ identification of the qualifications of a person who should be capable of doing the job tasks noted in the job description

Interest Test - ✔️ ✔️ a test measuring a person's intellectual curiosity and motivation in a particular field Cognitive Ability Tests - ✔️ ✔️ an assessment of general intelligence or of some type of aptitude for a particular job Physical Test - ✔️ ✔️ a test designed to ensure that applicants are capable of performing on the job in ways defined by the job specification and description Work Sample - ✔️ ✔️ A test conducted by providing a sample of the work that the candidate would perform on the job and asking the candidate to perform the tasks under some type of controlled conditions Assessment Center - ✔️ ✔️ places where job applicants undergo a series of tests, interviews, and simulated experiences to determine their potential for a particular job simulation - ✔️ ✔️ tests where a candidate is put in high-pressure situation in a controlled environment so that the danger and costs are limited fitness-for-duty test - ✔️ ✔️ A test identifying whether or not an employee is physically capable at a particular point in time of performing a specific type of work Pre-employment inquiries - ✔️ ✔️ information requested on job applications and during interviews must be non-discriminatory. 1.Every question should be job related. 2.Questions of a general nature should be asked of all applicants. Polygraph tests - ✔️ ✔️ Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA) makes it illegal to use a polygraph, but has two exceptions. 1.Armored car services 2.Dispensing controlled substances Genetic testing- - ✔️ ✔️ Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) protects people from discrimination by health insurers and employers on the basis of their DNA information. Drug testing - ✔️ ✔️ For workplace safety and productivity. Must be either "random" or "universal." Structured interview - ✔️ ✔️ Candidates are asked the same questions.

Semi-structured interview- - ✔️ ✔️ Interviewer follows list of questions, but also asks unplanned questions. Unstructured interview - ✔️ ✔️ -Interviewer has no planned questions or sequence of topics.

  • The most susceptible to discrimination claims because it introduces the most interviewer bias. Closed-ended Questions - ✔️ ✔️ ®requires a limited response (e.g., yes/no). Appropriate for fixed aspects of the job. Open-ended Questions - ✔️ ✔️ ®requires a detailed response. Appropriate for determining abilities and motivation. Hypothetical Questions - ✔️ ✔️ requires candidates to describe what they'd do and say in a given situation. Appropriate in assessing capabilities. Probing - ✔️ ✔️ requests clarification. Appropriate for improving interviewer's understanding. job simplification - ✔️ ✔️ the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs Job Expansion - ✔️ ✔️ the process of making jobs broader, with less repetition HR forecasting - ✔️ ✔️ - identifies the estimated supply and demand for HR based on past data
  • Reliability: how consistent a particular measure is
  • Validity: whether or not we measured what we actually intended to measure Quantitative Forecasting - ✔️ ✔️ - uses mathematical models and historical data to make forecasts
    • Trend Analysis: review historical data IOT estimate a future decision
    • Ratio Analysis: review historical data and calculate an exact ratio for future decision
    • Regression Analysis: using statistical software to create a diagram that tells us the correct ratio Trend Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ review historical data IOT make a future decision Ratio Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ Ratio Analysis: review historical data and calculate an exact ratio for future decision Regression Analysis - ✔️ ✔️ using statistical software to create a diagram that tells us the correct ratio
  • simple, quick
  • can ask follow up ?s Cons:
  • requires good interviewer & ?s
  • Workers may exaggerate duties
  • Time consuming & inefficient Job Analysis Tool: Subject Matter Expert (SME) - ✔️ ✔️ - panel of experts use their background & expertise to identify major tasks associated with the job Pros:
  • SMEs are competent
  • data is clear
  • can apply other analysis methods Cons:
  • trouble breaking work into tasks
  • time-consuming, expensive
  • there opinion is subjective
  • disputes between SMEs Approach to Job Design and Redesign: Mechanistic Job Design - ✔️ ✔️ - making the job very simple and repetitive so that the worker can get very good at it Approach to Job Design and Redesign: Biological - ✔️ ✔️ - Making the job physically easier so that the workers can be more efficient and less injury prone Approach to Job Design and Redesign: Perceptual/Motor Job Design - ✔️ ✔️ - Design jobs that keep employees within their mental capabilities and limitations. Approach to Job Design and Redesign: Motivational Job Design - ✔️ ✔️ - make workers more motivated so that they can produce more work Approach to Job Design and Redesign: Organic Job Design - ✔️ ✔️ - Based on metaphors for constructing social organizations. Leaves the system open to environment and opportunities. Job Characteristics Model Tool: Job Simplification - ✔️ ✔️ - eliminate tasks
  • combine tasks
  • change task sequence Job Characteristics Model Tool: Job Expansion - ✔️ ✔️ - Job Expansion:Make jobs broader, less repetition
  • Job Rotation: rotate tasks
  • Job Enlargement: add tasks via delegation
  • Job Enrichment: make job more motivation through increased autonomy

Job Characteristics Model Tool: Work Teams - ✔️ ✔️ - Integrated: student projects, each person does a part and 1 person pulls it together

  • Self-managed: assigned a goal and then decide how to meet goal Job Characteristics Model Tool: Flexible Job Design - ✔️ ✔️ - Flextime: flexible set of hours
  • Job Sharing: allow two people to share a job
  • Telecommuting: allow work from home
  • Compressed workweek: 4 10hr days Job Analysis Tool: Diaries - ✔️ ✔️ - worker maintains log of activity Pros:
  • the work knows the job & whats important
  • useful for jobs that are hard to observe Cons:
  • relies on worker writing down work
  • worker may forget what they did
  • make quantifying difficult Job Analysis Tool: Observation - ✔️ ✔️ - someone observes worker and records what they do Pros:
  • Firsthand Knowledge
  • Allows observer to gauge complexity of job
  • simple Cons:
  • worker may act different when being watched
  • can't do for high mental effort jobs
  • lack validity and reliability
  • time-consuming