Hydronephrosis notes, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Medical Sciences

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Hydronephrosis * Definition: Chronic aseptic distention of the pelvi-calyceal system with urine. * Aetiology: Causes of chronic partial or intermittent obstruction to the outflow of urine (as causes of obstructive uropathy ) +. 1-Pregnancy may cause temporary hydronephrosis due atony of ureteric muscles ( high progesterone level ) or compression of ureters in the pelvis by the fetal head . Hydronephrosis subside spontaneously within 2-12 weeks after delivery . 2-Vesicoureteric reflux . * Pathology: Obstructive uropathy + = High pressure in the pelvi-calyceal system — compression of renal parenchyma with irreversible destruction of the nephrons . = If the condition occur in one calyx , it is called hydrocalycosis = There are 2 pathological types: Pelvic type Renal type a. The pelvis is extra-renal. a. The pelvis is intra-renal. b. The pelvis is hugely dilated b. The pelvis is minimally dilated with hugely with minimal stretch of calyces | dilated calyces. c. Renal damage is late. c. Renal damage is early. Finally the kidney is transformed into a lobulated sac representing huge distended calyces