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Question 1: What does the “EVM” in Hyperledger Besu stand for? A. Elastic Virtual Machine B. Ethereum Virtual Machine C. Enterprise Value Model D. Executable Version Manager Correct: B Explanation: Hyperledger Besu implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) to execute smart contract bytecode, ensuring full compatibility with Ethereum’s smart contracts. Question 2: Which consensus mechanisms are natively supported by Hyperledger Besu? A. Proof of Work and Proof of Capacity B. Clique and IBFT 2. C. Raft and PBFT D. Tendermint and Proof of Elapsed Time
Correct: B Explanation: Hyperledger Besu supports both Ethereum’s Proof of Work (via PoW forks) and enterprise-friendly Proof of Authority protocols: Clique and IBFT 2.0. Question 3: Hyperledger Besu is primarily written in which programming language? A. Python B. Go C. Java D. Rust Correct: C Explanation: Besu is implemented in Java, offering enterprise-grade robustness and portability across JVM-compatible platforms. Question 4: What storage engine does Besu use by default?
Correct: B Explanation: Besu uses Ethereum’s DevP2P networking protocol to discover peers and exchange blocks and transactions. Question 6: In a permissioned Besu network, which feature controls which nodes may join? A. TLS certificates B. Node permissioning C. IP whitelisting D. JSON-RPC filters Correct: B Explanation: Node permissioning in Besu allows operators to specify exactly which enode URLs (nodes) are allowed to connect, enforcing network membership.
Question 7: Which JSON-RPC method would you use to submit a raw transaction in Besu? A. eth_sendTransaction B. eth_sendRawTransaction C. net_submitTransaction D. tx_sendRaw Correct: B Explanation: The eth_sendRawTransaction method submits a signed, serialized transaction to the network for inclusion in a block. Question 8: How does Besu differentiate between public and private transactions? A. By gas price B. By privacy manager (Orion/Tessera) C. By special opcode D. By consensus algorithm
A. GraphSync API B. BesuQL C. GraphQL API D. JSON-GraphRPC Correct: C Explanation: Besu offers an optional GraphQL API endpoint alongside JSON- RPC for flexible querying of blockchain data. Question 11: Which file defines genesis block parameters in Besu? A. config.toml B. genesis.json C. network-config.yml D. besu.yaml Correct: B Explanation: The genesis.json file specifies chain parameters like initial accounts, difficulty, consensus settings, and pre-funded balances.
Question 12: What command-line option enables HTTP JSON-RPC on Besu? A. --rpc-enabled B. --host-http C. --rpc-http-enabled D. --jsonrpc-http Correct: C Explanation: Use --rpc-http-enabled to start Besu’s built-in HTTP JSON-RPC server for external API calls. Question 13: Which consensus engine requires at least two-thirds of validators to propose and seal blocks? A. Clique B. IBFT 2. C. Proof of Work D. Raft
A. Full sync B. Fast sync C. Light sync D. Snap sync Correct: B Explanation: Fast sync downloads headers and block bodies, then pulls state for recent blocks to accelerate chain download. Question 16: Which plugin interface does Besu use to extend node functionality? A. OSGi B. BesuPluginService C. SPI (Service Provider Interface) D. JPlugin
Correct: C Explanation: Besu uses Java’s SPI mechanism to load and configure plugins at runtime for custom functionality. Question 17: What is the default RPC port for Besu’s HTTP endpoint? A. 30303 B. 8545 C. 8546 D. 30304 Correct: B Explanation: Besu’s default HTTP JSON-RPC listens on port 8545 unless overridden in configuration. Question 18: Under which license is Hyperledger Besu distributed?
Correct: C Explanation: Proof of Work offers probabilistic finality, where deeper blocks are increasingly unlikely to be reverted. Question 20: What must be configured to enable account permissioning in Besu? A. A whitelist of addresses in the genesis file B. A smart contract on chain C. JSON-RPC flag --permissions-enabled D. A YAML permissions file Correct: A Explanation: Account permissioning uses a list in the genesis file specifying which addresses can send transactions on the network. Question 21: Which EVM opcode retrieves the current block timestamp?
A. TIMESTAMP
B. BLOCKTIME
C. NOW
D. BLOCKTIMESTAMP
Correct: A Explanation: The TIMESTAMP opcode pushes the block’s timestamp (in seconds since epoch) onto the stack. Question 22: Which storage layer abstraction stores world state in Besu? A. Merkle Patricia Trie B. Radix Tree C. Binary Search Tree D. Hash Array Mapped Trie Correct: A Explanation: Besu uses a Merkle Patricia Trie to represent and validate the global state in a cryptographically secure manner.
Correct: A Explanation: Using --metrics-enabled starts Besu’s metrics service, exposing Prometheus-compatible endpoints by default. Question 25: Which JSON-RPC method returns the list of peers? A. net_peers B. admin_peers C. net_peerCount D. net_listPeers Correct: B Explanation: The admin_peers method (exposed when admin API is enabled) returns detailed information about connected peers. Question 26: Which fork introduced the London hard fork fields to Besu?
A. Byzantium B. Istanbul C. London D. Berlin Correct: C Explanation: The London fork added EIP-1559 transaction fields and fee market changes to Besu. Question 27: Which Besu subcommand generates a default genesis file? A. besu init B. besu generate-genesis C. besu setup D. besu create-genesis Correct: A Explanation: Running besu init outputs a sample genesis.json for customization before starting a new network.
Correct: C Explanation: Disabling pruning in the configuration preserves every historical state root, effectively creating an archive node. Question 30: Which consensus engine seals empty blocks if no transactions are pending? A. IBFT 2.0 only B. Clique only C. Both Clique and IBFT 2. D. Neither Correct: C Explanation: Both Clique and IBFT 2.0 will produce blocks at regular intervals regardless of pending transactions to maintain chain cadence. Question 31: How does Besu implement privacy transaction payload encryption?
A. TLS
B. ECDH key exchange with AES C. RSA-OAEP D. ChaCha20-Poly Correct: B Explanation: Besu’s Orion/Tessera privacy manager uses asymmetric ECDH to derive AES keys for encrypting private payloads. Question 32: Which JSON-RPC namespace includes log and filter methods? A. debug_ B. tx_ C. eth_ D. net_ Correct: C Explanation: The eth_ namespace has methods like eth_newFilter, eth_getLogs, and eth_uninstallFilter for log subscriptions.
