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IB physics Formula Sheet Formulas Verified A+ IB physics Formula Sheet Formulas Verified A+
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F=Δp/Δt - Force (N) = Change in Momentum (Ns)/Change in Time (s) F=Δp/Δt - Avg. Force from collision F = Force (N) Δp= Change in momentum (Ns) Δt=Change in Time (s) R = mgcos(θ) - Normal Force R = Normal Force (N) m = Mass (kg) g = Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2) θ = Slope Angle (°) F_f ≤ μ_sR - Force of Static Friction (Not Moving) F_f = Force of Friction (N) μ_s = Coefficient of Static Friction (0-1) R = Normal Force (N) F_f = μ_dR - Force of Dynamic Friction (Moving) F_f = Force of Friction (N) μ_d = Coefficient of Dynamic Friction (0-1) R = Normal Force (N) Impulse=Δp=FΔt - Impulse = Change in momentum F = Force (N) Δp= Change in momentum (Ns) Δt=Change in Time (s) c=fλ - Speed of a Wave c = wavespeed (m/s) [For E&M wave it's the speed of light] f = Frequency (Hz) λ = Wavelength (m) I ∝ A^2 - Relationship between wave intensity and Amplitude
I = Intensity (W/m^2) A = Amplitude of the Wave (m) I ∝ x^-2 - Relationship between wave intensity and distance from source I = Intensity (W/m^2) x = Distance from Source (m) I = I_0 cos^2(θ) - Transmitted intensity through 2 polarizers I = Transmitted Intensity (W/m^2) I_0 = Incident Intensity (W/m^2) θ = Angle between polarizers (°) E_k = (3/2) k_BT - Avg. Kinetic Energy of a Molecule of Gas E_k = Kinetic Energy (J) k_B = Boltzmann's Constant (1.3810^-23 J/K) T = Temperature (K) E_k = (3/2) (R / N_A) T - Avg. Kinetic Energy of a Molecule of Gas E_k = Kinetic Energy (J) R = Gas Constant (8.31 J/K mol) N_A = Avogadro's Constant (6.02*10^23 mol^-1) T = Temperature (K) (n_1/n_2)=(sinθ_2 / sinθ_1) - Refraction when a wave crosses a boundary between two mediums (Snell's Law) n_1 = Index of refraction before boundary ( #>1) n_2 = Index of refraction after boundary ( #>1) θ_1 = Angle of incidence (°) θ_2 = Angle of Refraction (°) (n_1/n_2)=(v_2/v_1) - Refraction when a wave crosses a boundary between two mediums (Snell's Law) n_1 = Index of refraction before boundary ( #>1) n_2 = Index of refraction after boundary ( #>1) v_1 = velocity of the wave before the boundary (m/s) v_2 = velocity of the wave after the boundary (m/s) s = 𝜆D/d - Fringe Spacing in Double Slit Diffraction s = Fringe Spacing (m)