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IED Glossary
A
Absolute Coordinates: The exact location of a specific point in terms of X, Y, and Z from the fixed point of origin.
Accuracy: 1. The condition or quality of being true, correct, or exact; precision; exactness. 2. The degree of correctness of a quantity or expression.
Accurate: Correct in all details.
Acute Triangle: A triangle that contains only angles that are less than 90 degrees.
Adhesive: Any synthetic product that is used to join materials together.
Adhesive Bonding: 1. A plastic joining technique in which a third substance bonds a plastic to another plastic or material such as metal, rubber, ceramic, glass, or wood. 2. The process of fastening parts of metal products together permanently with non-metallic materials.
Advertise: To present or describe a product, service, or event in a public medium so as to promote sales.
Aesthetic: 1. Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty. 2. Of pleasing appearance.
Aligned Dimension: A system of dimensioning which requires all numerals, figures, and notes to be aligned with the dimension lines so that they may be read from the bottom (for horizontal dimensions) and from the right side (for vertical dimensions).
American National Standards Institute (ANSI): 1. A private, non-profit organization that coordinates the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States. 2. The acronym for the America National Standards Institute.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): 1. A professional engineering organization that is known for setting codes and standards for mechanical devices in the United States. ASME drawing standards are found in the Y-14M publications. 2. The acronym for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Analysis: A detailed examination of the elements or structure of something.
Angle: The amount of rotation needed to bring one line or plane into coincidence with another, generally measured in radians or degrees.
Annotate: To add explanatory notes to.
Appendix: A section of additional information at the end of a document.
Arbitration: The hearing and determination of a dispute or the settling of differences between parties by a person or persons chosen or agreed to by them.
Area: The number of square units required to cover a surface.
Axis: 1. An imaginary line through a body, about which it rotates. 2. An imaginary line about which a regular figure is symmetrically arranged. 3. A fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates.
B
Balance: A condition in which different elements are equal or in the correct proportions. There are three types of visual balance: symmetry, asymmetry, and radial.
Balloons: A circled number identifying each part shown in an assembly drawing. Also called a ball tag or bubble number.
Baseline Dimensioning: System of dimensioning in which all dimensions are placed from a datum and not from feature to feature. Also referred to as Datum Dimensioning.
Bias: Inclination or prejudice in favor of a particular person, thing, or viewpoint.
Bilateral Tolerance: A tolerance in which variation is permitted in both directions from the specified dimension.
Black Box Model: A graphic system’s illustration referred to as a Black Box because the internal components or process is deemed unknown, or mysterious.
Blind Hole: A hole that does not go completely through the workpiece.
Body Language: The conscious and unconscious bodily movements by which feelings are communicated.
Brainstorming: A group technique for solving problems, generating ideas, stimulating creative thinking, etc. by unrestrained spontaneous participation in discussion.
Break Line: A line used to interrupt a drawing if an object will not fit on a drawing sheet.
Brevity: 1. Concise and exact use of words. 2. Shortness of time.
Broken-Out Section: A section of an object broken away to reveal an interior feature for a sectional drawing.
By-product: Something produced in the making of something else; a secondary result; a side effect.
C
Cabinet Oblique Drawing: A form of oblique drawing in which the receding lines are drawn at half scale, and usually at a 45 degree angle from horizontal.
Cabinet Oblique Sketch: A form of oblique sketch in which the receding lines are drawn at half scale, and usually at a 45 degree angle from horizontal.
Clarity: The state or quality of being clear and easily perceived or understood.
Class Interval: A group of values that is used to analyze the distribution of data.
Clearance Fit: The total gap between two mating parts, such as the difference in diameters between a cylindrical shaft and a hole.
Client: A person using the services of a professional person or organization.
Color: The property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects or emits light.
Competitor: One who competes or is a rival of another business enterprise.
Component: A part or element of a larger whole.
Compound Machine: A mechanism that consists of two or more simple machines.
Compression: A force that pushes on or squeezes a material.
Computer-Aided Design or Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD): 1. For design, the use of a computer to assist in the process of designing a part, circuit, building, etc. 2. For drafting, the use of a computer to assist in the process of creating, storing, retrieving, modifying, plotting, and communicating a technical drawing.
Consensus: General agreement.
Constraint: 1. A limit to a design process. Constraints may be such things as appearance, funding, space, materials, and human capabilities. 2. A limitation or restriction.
Construction Line: Thin lines that serve as guides while sketching or drawing.
Contrast: 1. The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered together. 2. Enhancement of appearance provided by juxtaposing different colors or textures.
Convert: To change money, stocks, or units in which a quantity is expressed into others of a different kind.
Counterbore: A cylindrical recess around a hole, usually to receive a bolt head or nut.
Countersink: A conical-shaped recess around a hole, often used to receive a tapered screw.
Credible: Able to be believed; convincing.
Criteria: Principles or standards by which something may be judged or decided.
Critique: A detailed analysis and assessment.
Cube: A regular solid having six congruent square faces.
Cutting Plane Line: A line drawn on a view where a cut was made in order to define the location of the imaginary section plane.
Demographics: The statistical data of a population, esp. those showing average age, income, education, etc.
Depth: The distance from front to back.
Descriptive Abstract: A written summary that provides an overview of the purpose and contents of a report, but offers no major facts.
Design: 1. An iterative decision-making process that produces plans by which resources are converted into products or systems that meet human needs and wants or solve problems. 2. A plan or drawing produced to show the look and function or workings of something before it is built or made. 3. A decorative pattern.
Design Brief: A written plan that identifies a problem to be solved, its criteria, and its constraints. The design brief is used to encourage thinking of all aspects of a problem before attempting a solution.
Design Process: A systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve a problem or satisfy human needs and wants and to winnow (narrow) down the possible solutions to one final choice.
Design Statement: A part of design brief that challenges the designer, describes what a design solution should do without describing how to solve the problem, and identifies the degree to which the solution must be executed.
Designer: A person who designs any of a variety of things. This usually implies the task of creating drawings or in some ways uses visual cues to organize his or her work.
Detail Drawing: A dimensioned, working drawing of a single part. Also referred to as part drawing.
Diameter: A straight line passing from side to side through the center of a circle or sphere.
Dimension: A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object is width, height, and depth. Length and thickness are not used because they cannont be applied in all cases. The front view of an object shows only the height and width and not the depth. In fact, any one view of a three-dimensional object can show only two dimensions, the third dimension will be found in an adjacent view.
Dimension Lines: Lines that are thin lines capped with arrowheads, which may be broken along their length to provide space for the dimension numerals.
Documentation: 1. The documents that are required for something, or that give evidence or proof of something. 2. Drawings or printed information that contains instructions for assembling, installing, operating, and servicing.
Dual Dimensions: Where alternate units are displayed within the same dimension (both metric and standard dimensions can shown at the same time).
E
Ecosystem: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Edge: 1. The outside limit of an object, a surface, or an area. 2. The line along which two surfaces of a solid meet.
Ethics: The moral principles governing or influencing conduct.
Evaluate: To form an idea of the amount or value of; assess.
Evolution: A gradual development.
Executive Summary: A persuasive summary that provides an overview of the purpose and contents of a report, identifies the issue or need that led to the report, and includes condensed conclusions and recommendations.
Exploded Assembly: An assembly drawing in which parts are moved out of position along an axis so that each individual part is visible.
Extension: 1. The property of an object by which it occupies space. 2. A set that includes a given and similar set as a subset.
Extension Lines: Thin lines used to establish the extent of a dimension. Extension lines begin with a short space from the object and extend to about .125 inches past the last dimension line. Extension lines may cross object lines, center lines, hidden lines, and other extension lines, but may not cross dimension lines.
Extrusion 1. A manufacturing process that forces material through a shaped opening. 2. A modeling process that creates a three-dimensional form by defining a closed two-dimensional shape and a length.
F
Fastener: A hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.
Fillet: A rounded interior blend between two surfaces. Some uses are to strengthen joining surfaces or to allow a part to be removed from a mold.
Fluid Power: Energy transmitted and controlled by means of a pressurized fluid, either liquid or gas. The term fluid power applies to both hydraulics and pneumatics.
Foot: A unit of linear measure equal to 12 inches or 30.48 cm.
Foreshorten: To show lines or objects shorter than their true size. Foreshortened lines are not perpendicular to the line of sight.
Form: 1. Having the three dimensions of length, width, and depth. Also referred to as a solid. 2. The organization, placement or relationship of basic elements, as volumes or voids in a sculpture, so as to produce a coherent image.
Formula: A mathematical relationship or rule expressed in symbols.
Freehand: Done manually without the aid of instruments such as rulers.
Frequency: The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in a given sample.
Full Section: A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that extends completely through an object.
H
Half Section: A sectional drawing based on a cutting plane line that cuts through one-quarter of an object. A half section reveals half of the interior and half of the exterior.
Harmony: 1. The quality of forming a pleasing and consistent whole. 2. Agreement or concord.
Hazard: A danger or risk.
Height: The measurement of someone or something from head to foot or from base to top.
Hidden Line: A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible, because it is behind or beneath another surface.
Histogram: A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.
Hydraulics: A type of fluid power that uses pressurized liquid, for example, oil or water.
Hypothesis: 1. An assumption made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. 2. A proposed explanation for an observation. Hypothesis is an educated guess which forms a basis for a test.
I
Illustrate: 1. To provide a book or periodical with pictures. 2. To make clear by using examples, charts, etc.
Impact: The effect or influence of one thing on another. Some impacts are anticipated, and others are unanticipated.
Inch: A unit of linear measure equal to one twelfth of a foot or 2.54 cm.
Innovation: An improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something.
Input: Something put into a system, such as resources, in order to achieve a result.
Inscribe: To draw a figure within another so that their boundaries touch but do not intersect.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO): A non-governmental global organization whose principal activity is the development of technical standards through consensus.
Interference: The amount of overlap that one part has with another when assembled.
Intonation: The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
Invention: A new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation.
Isometric Drawing: A form of pictorial drawing in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.
L
Landfill: A low area of land that is built up from deposits of solid refuse in layers covered by soil.
Leaders: Lines that are thin and used to connect a specific note to a feature.
Least Material Condition (LMC): The smallest size limit of an external feature and the largest size limit of an internal feature.
Legible: How recognizable a short amount of text is.
Limits of Dimension: The largest and smallest possible boundaries to which a feature may be made as related to the tolerance of the dimension.
Line: 1. A long thin mark on a surface. 2. A continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point. 3. Long, narrow mark or band.
Line Conventions: Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style.
Line Weight: Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin.
Local Notes: Connected to specific features on the views of the drawing. Also known as annotations.
Location Dimension: A location dimension that defines the relationship of features of an object.
Logo: An emblematic design adopted by an organization to identify its products.
M
Manufacture: To make something, especially on a large scale using machinery.
Manufacturer’s Joint: The seam of a carton where the two edges of the box blank are joined together by stitching, gluing, or taping.
Manufacturing Process: The transformation of raw material into finished goods through one or more of the following: Casting and Molding, Shaping and Reshaping for forming, Shearing, Pulverizing, Machining, for material removal, or Joining by transforming using heat or chemical reaction to bond materials.
Market Research: The activity of gathering information about consumers’ needs and preferences.
Marketing: The promotion and selling of products or services.
Mass: The amount of matter an object contains.
Maximum Material Condition (MMC): The largest size limit of an external feature and the smallest size limit of an internal feature.
