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IEEE - answer (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers) style (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - answer for electronics, engineering, telecommunications, computer science, and information technology reports. The three main parts of a reference are as follows - answer • Author's name listed as first initial of first name, then full last. ➢ • Title of article, patent, conference paper, etc., in quotation marks. ➢ • Title of journal or book in italics. allows the reader to identify the information source at a glance In-text citation consists of numbers provided in square
brackets, - answer which correspond to the appropriate sources in the reference list at the end of the paper. Each in-text citation number should appear on the text line, inside sentence punctuation, with a space before the bracket The in-text citation numbers start at - answer [1] and continue in ascending order throughout the paper A numbered list of references must be provided at the end of the paper: - answer full details of all sources cited in text. sources are numbered - answer n the order they are used in the paper. given name of the author - answer abbreviated to the initials followed by the last name In the reference list - answer write the names of all authors, up to six. If there are more than six author names - answer use the primary author's last name followed by "et al." (meaning "and others") et al - answer (meaning "and others")
[1], [3], and [6] show... Parenthetical Citations Weebly, Ketting, and Goodman's ideas are still widely used today [1]-[3] Direct Quotes Overarching Rules - answer The page number(s) must be included Paraphrasing Overarching Rules - answer Page numbers are not generally used unless a specific theory or idea is being discussed Multiple sources Overarching Rules - answer Each source gets its own brackets. Bracketed sources Overarching Rules - answer Can be used as nouns in the sentence Three or more authors Overarching Rules - answer When citing three or more authors in an in-text citation, list the first author and et al. (e.g., Holland et al.) Note: - answer Authors and dates do not have to be written out after the first reference; use the bracketed number. Also, it is not necessary to write "in reference [2]." Just write "in [2]." The preferred method to cite more than one source at a time is to list each reference in its own brackets, then separate with a comma or dash: [1], [3], [5] [1] - [5]
Examples - answer ".. .end of the line for my research [13]." "The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]." "Scholtz [2] has argued... ." "For example, see [7]." "Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 22] have suggested that... ." Heading Levels - answer I. Primary Headings are centered and numbered with Roman numerals. These are the titles of your sections. A. Secondary headings are aligned left and marked with capital letter.
- Tertiary headings are tabbed once and marked by Arabic numerals. a. Quaternary headings are tabbed twice and shown by lower-case letters Figures, Tables & Equations - answer All the citations of figures, tables, and equations in the article must follow a numerical order at the beginning of a caption for figures, tables, or equations in in-text citations. - answer Do not use articles ("a," "an," or "the") (e.g., Incorrect: Refer to the Fig. 1; - answer Correct: Refer to Fig. 1.) Figures - answer • The title of the figures must be descriptive and placed below the figure
height is 10"
- Lines must be at least 0.5 or 1- point thick.
- Caption size must be 8-point font Equations - answer • Equations are center-aligned and labeled with right-aligned Arabic numbers enclosed in parentheses.
- For in-text citations, mention the equation number only, - answer e.g., mention "as seen in (2)" instead of "as seen in Equation (2)." Exception: A sentence beginning with an equation number, - answer e.g., "Equation (1) demonstrates..."
