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TEMPLATE
Introduction Advantages/ disadvantages
- ... has become a major topic of concern for…Despite some undesirable drawbacks this approach may bring about, I firmly believe that they are overshadowed by the advantages.
- While it is true that…, the importance of…should not be underestimated.
- The issue of…has sparked a debate between…This essay aims to analyze and argue for the superiority of…
- ... hold a unique place in the … landscape, often characterized by a blend of … Despite some potential benefits/ drawbacks this approach may bring about, I firmly believe that they are overshadowed by the drawbacks/ benefits.
- Discuss both views
- The question of whether…has ignited considerable debate. While many people are of the belief that…others contend that… This essay aims to delve into both perspectives extensively and provide my own opinion.
- In ….. landscapes, the debate over … is as pressing as ever_._ While some advocate for nouns …, others champion + nouns... This essay aims to delve into both perspectives extensively and provide my own opinion.
- Two-part
- ... has become a major topic of concern for…in many different parts of the world. There are many reasons behind this phenomenon as now presented and I believe…
- Nowadays, … is becoming increasingly popular among a large number of people. In my opinion, this trend could bring positive/negative consequences. This essay will analyze the reasons behind it and explain why it will bring positive/negative effects.
- In this day and age, the trend/ issue/ decline of … is observed in many … This essay will discuss several factors for this trend and possible solutions to address it.
- It has been observed that ... This essay will discuss several factors contributing to this trend and propose measures to …
- … has become a major topic of concern for…in many different parts of the world. Given that…., identifying the reasons behind this pattern is key to finding the solutions.
- NOUN has emerged as a significant global concern, with … This essay aims to examine several factors contributing to this issue and propose potential solutions. BODY
- Advantages/ disadvantages. Body 1 (negative) ● Of course, it has to be acknowledged that … ● Since…, people raise concerns over… ● In addition, it is suggested that… ● The reason for this is that… ● Chances are that… ● This concern was drawn from… Body 2 (positive)
NGUYỄN HOÀNG HUY ● However, this is not to say that people should downplay the importance of … ● By…, thus, enhance… ● What should be taken into consideration is that… This allows…, as a result,... ● A prime example for this justification is … ● This is an imperative step in… Conclusion ● In conclusion, despite some undesirable impacts which…could bring about, its positive potentials should be further considered. ● In conclusion, while … can pose some potential disadvantages, it should be viewed as …/ I am of the belief that… ● In conclusion, while addressing this trend may pose challenges, concerted efforts among government authorities, corporations, ABC can… Phrases and structures
1. Positive ● Facilitates the progress of ● Alleviates ● Lead to overall higher standards ● Results in a conducive environment, which ultimately benefits all ● Optimize ● Remain the fundamental factor in its success/ efficiency ● Serve as a powerful tool in ● Plays a crucial role in driving competition and fostering innovation ● Offer measures to address pressing concerns ● empower … to ● Should be upheld ● should be prioritized as a long term investment with substantial benefits. ● make significant strides in combating this pressing issue. ● Taking all pertinent factors into account ● Beyond their surface-level benefits, (other benefits) ● represents a proactive and pragmatic approach to addressing the pressing of … ● Pillars of something: cốt lõi của cái gì ● translate into ● At the same time = By the same token ● To add further credence to my assertion 2. Negative ● Exacerbate inefficiency of ● Simply impossible in the long-term and could hinder the development of … ● Uncertain return on such investment ● The outcomes of this attempt are highly speculative ● Divert funding and attention away from ● It is essential to consider the broader implications of this pursuit. ● either positive or negative 0. Lỗi hay gặp
- “Get solutions” - > ARRIVE AT a solution/ DEVISE a solution
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My notes on Grammar
- Either Luôn ở dạng số ít giống như every hay Each Ví dụ: Either way, either of these computers is expensive
- Both and, Either or, Neither nor, not only but also. Không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách ở giữa Ví dụ: Either he or she is able to do the job. CORRECT I not only play football, but also basketball. INCORRECT
- Semilicon ; Không nên dùng dấu chấm phẩy (semicolons) trong bài thi IELTS Dấu chấm phẩy có tác dụng vừa là dấu chấm vừa là dấu phẩy, giúp nối 2 independent clauses lại với nhau mà không cần conjunction (and, or, but). Dấu chấm phẩy sẽ làm hạn chế khả năng viết của bạn và làm cho bạn ít cơ hội dùng conjunction. Hãy ngắt câu nếu cần thiết hoặc dùng conjunction thay vì dùng dấu chấm phẩy.
- Experiences vs Experience Experiences : Các trải nghiệm trong quá khứ (đếm được) Experience: Kinh nghiệm (sự giỏi giang)
- Values vs Value Values: thứ, quan điểm sống mà bạn giá trị (đếm được) *I value hard work and self confidence. Hard work and self confidence are my values *Vietnamese have a lot of traditional values such as respect for seniors. Value: giá trị của một vật (uncountable) *The value of this iPhone is $200.
- Natives vs locals Natives: Chỉ dùng khi muốn nói đến nguồn gốc sinh ra, không dùng với nghĩa “Người địa phương” Locals: Người địa phương (đây là từ dùng nhiều nhất chứ không phải là natives)
- Increase vs Improve Increase: Tăng, dùng trong số liệu, xu hướng hoặc kích cỡ, tập trung vào quantity. Improve: Tiến bộ, dùng cho chất lượng ví dụ sức khỏe improves, kỹ năng improves, knowledge….
- …, etc. and so on Dấu ba chấm không tồn tại trong tiếng Anh, Trong tiếng Anh chỉ có dùng “etc.’ *I love eating fish, meat, beef… => SAI
- I love eating fish, meat, beef, and etc. => Đúng nhưng mình không thích
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- I love eating fish, meat, beef and so on. => Đúng nhưng mình vẫn không thích
- I love eating fish, meet and beef => Tốt nhất
- Such as vs like Khi dùng such as hay like để liệt kê, bạn không cần kết thúc bằng “etc.” hay “and so on”
- And / , Khi liệt kê, từ cuối cùng danh sách phải được nối bởi AND chứ không phải dấu phẩy.
- Historic vs Historical
- Stressed vs Stressful
- Less vs Fewer
- amount of number of
- spend vs use *Nên sử dụng Spend khi nói đến Time or Money. Không nên dùng Use *Use: Nếu danh từ đằng sau đếm được I use money to build a house - > THIẾU TỰ NHIÊN, VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH I use time to build a house-> Thiếu tự nhiên, VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH
- Spend+Ving , Spend on + +Nếu dành thời gian, tiền làm gì đó (V), thì không cần ‘On’ I spend time on building a house-> Incorrect +Spend on: nếu đó là danh từ, không phải VING
- Seem to be/ Appear to be vs Seem/ Appear Dùng cho danh từ/ Dùng cho tính từ
- Have an impact on/ Impact Có “on” ở cuối và không có ‘on’
- What is it/ What it is
- Worth + Ving Sử dụng một cách chủ động chứ không phải bị động
- But/ And Không nên sử dụng And để bắt đầu câu Không nên sử dụng But để bắt đầu câu mà hãy dùng Nevertheless
- Effective vs Efficient Effective: Nghĩa là có hiệu lực. Hoặc có tác dụng Efficient: Tốn ít chi phí, ít phí phạm
- Corrupt vs Corrupted Corrupt: Là tính từ Corrupt: là dạng bị động của corrupt (v)
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2. [Sample] Video records are a better way to learn about the way other people in the world live than written documents. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Some say that those who wish to know more about foreign cultures are better off learning about them through videos than text. I strongly agree with this sentiment. First of all, text as a medium of communicating information is becoming increasingly obsolete(càng ngày càng lạc hậu). People's attention span is getting shorter because of their proclivity(xu hướng) for short-form contents(nội dung ăn liền, ngắn gọn) on social media, which are coincidentally also pushing video contents more than written posts. Another tendency of the modern- day consumer of information that makes reading an ill fit for learning is that they want immediacy. A published work of any sort takes at least months or, in the case of books, usually years to reach readers, by which point the information contained in it may not be relevant or even accurate anymore. Videos solve this problem well because, apart from big-budget movie productions, they can be produced, edited, and posted in a much shorter span of time. The speed at which videos reach viewers has also increased materially owing to two things: the rise of content creators and influencers who put out new contents every hour, and the exhaustive suite of sophisticated content creating tools that contemporary networking sites like TikTok or Instagram equip creatives with. In short, the modern landscape of media does not seem favorable for written works as far as learning new things is concerned. Second, in the specific context of learning about other people in the world, the advantages of videos are amplified. Culture is an abstraction that is best felt rather than read about, and video is the closest thing to physically being in another country and experiencing how life is lived there. Reading a book, no matter how skilled the writer or lavish the illustrations, cannot provide quite a clear idea of aspects of life like food or religion or traditional dress. What words can do is entertaining a romanticized version of life - Hemingway's idyllic portrayal of the Paris that he knew and loved in 'A Moveable Feast' comes to mind - but for those who are simply interested in the salient facts about a community or a place, they are better off watching a video, whether that be a professional production consisting of multiple seasons and episodes, or a first- hand account that is under a minute long on Instagram or TikTok. In conclusion, it is more effective and practical, not to mention fun, to learn about how other people in the world live through a video rather than a written document. This is because of people's changing media diet as well as the inherent advantages of video in capturing experiences.
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NGUYỄN HOÀNG HUY
NGUYỄN HOÀNG HUY
3. [Sample] Today many people are spending less and less time at home. What are the reasons and what are the effects of this trend on individuals and society? In light of an increasingly fast-paced world, people's lifestyles have shifted drastically. One of the most notable changes is the shrinking amount of time one spends at home. In this essay, I will argue that a busier life and an increasing focus on personal enjoyment are the two key drivers of this trend before showing how such a development is eminently detrimental to individuals and society. A majority of people are spending less time at home simply because they are too occupied with their careers or studies. In certain societies, particularly Asian countries, inordinate importance is attached to the attainment of status and wealth, which results in adults devoting more of their time to work or launching their own businesses. By the same token, children are forced to attend cram classes after school on the premise that failure to obtain a sterling academic transcript will cost them dearly later in life. Paradoxically, people's absence from home is as much a result of them having to work more as one of them trying to enjoy more. As personal enjoyment is championed among young adults, more are exploring what life offers outside the confines of their home. This attitude manifests itself in how a large number of individuals in this demographic choose to socialize with their contemporaries after school or work instead of going home, and those who are slightly older and have a larger disposable income are traveling and seeing the world with increasing regularity. The adverse effects of the aforementioned development are many. On the familial level, less time at home means weakening family bonds, which is associated with any number of consequences for each member ranging from feelings of isolation and loneliness to a frail support system. On the societal level, the deterioration of family relations could contribute to numerous social problems. For example, when parents spend more time working and less time with their children, they inadvertently leave their young ones more vulnerable to toxic influences from friends or the media they consume, which could be a precursor to increased violence and crime. In conclusion, people are spending less time at home because they either want to work more or enjoy more, and I believe this trend has a number of negative implications for individuals and society. ***Note:
- a key driver of a trend (n): something that contributes to a trend
- eminently (adv): extremely
- inordinate (adj): too much
- attach importance to sth (v): to consider something important
- by the same token: for the same argument
- on the premise that: based on the assumption that**
NGUYỄN HOÀNG HUY mention the fact that they are notoriously difficult to deploy owing to such complications as regional political tensions or lack of personnel on the ground. Furthermore, most developed nations do not have a dedicated team or bureau that is in charge of physically distributing aid; they apportion taxpayers' money to established organizations like IMF or UN and these intermediaries then use the resources that they pool to work with poor countries. At the end of the day, it is widely understood that help is needed, but to assume that it can easily take any other form than money is wishful thinking. In conclusion, I am convinced that the positive impact that foreign aid has had on poor countries is well-documented, and evidence of persisting economic depression in certain places in the world should not be viewed as the basis to think otherwise. Giving money is not without problems, but nevertheless, money remains the most fluid form of help that poor countries can rely on.
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5. [Sample] Nowadays, not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What are the reasons for this problem? What are the effects on society?
- Today, colleges and universities are seeing progressively lower participation rates in science programs. In this essay, I am going to outline three key reasons that underlie this trend, which have to do with the desirability of a career as a scientist, the number of people attending college in general and the parties influencing one's choice of major. I will also illustrate how this trend is going to usher in sweeping changes in the kind of programs tertiary institutions will be offering as well as the broader labor market, but there are unlikely to be any net gains or losses. Several factors could explain why not enough people are opting to study science in college. First, science is becoming a less economically viable- khả năng kinh tế career option, given the fierce competition- cạnh tranh gay gắt in this sector and the considerable duration of formal schooling it requires. Factor in exorbitant tuition fees, especially for science-related programs, and it is quite clear why enrollment in science is dwindling-giảm. Second, as parents increasingly give their children greater freedom in terms of what they want to study (not to mention the fact that many choose to not get involved in financing their children's higher education), young people seem to want to get into professions that have less to do with technicality and theory and more to do with creativity and management. Finally, college participation has been on a steady downward trajectory for years now, stemming from the democratization of knowledge and the realization that college qualifications are not the only route to upward mobility nor the one that offers the most security, and this inevitably affects enrollment in not only science but also all majors. The most immediate outcome of fewer people studying science is fewer scientists, but this does not necessarily translate into less scientific progress. At the moment, steady inroads: tiến triển, tiến bộ are being made in various scientific disciplines: lĩnh vực khoa học cụ thể and the pace does not seem to show signs of slowing down. The fact that productivity is still somehow maintained could be attributed to the fact that technologies, particularly Al, have amplified scientists' output and allowed more to be achieved with less manpower-lực lượng lao động. In other words, humanity is at a point where it is still able to advance its sciences without having to use a large supply of scientists. As for schools, universities will still play an important role in research and development, and it is difficult to imagine funding being diverted from academia as a result of science becoming a less in-demand major. Universities will, however, need to recalibrate: điều chỉnh lại the programs that they offer, most likely in the form of adding non-science degrees, to cater to: phục vụ cho changing tastes among students. In conclusion, not a lot of people are signing up for science programs anymore because a career in this field is no longer as attractive as it once was, and this fits into the bigger
NGUYỄN HOÀNG HUY CÂU HỎI 2: Ảnh hưởng là gì? Ít người học khoa học - > ít nhà khoa học. Thì sao? Số nhà khoa học x Năng suất nghiên cứu = Tiến bộ khoa học. Số nhà khoa học giảm đi thì tiến bộ khoa học giảm đi. Nhưng nhìn xung quanh thấy có vẻ khoa học vẫn tiến bộ, vậy nếu vẫn giữ nguyên giả định số lượng scientists giảm đi/ sẽ giảm đi là đúng, chứng tỏ năng suất nghiên cứu đã tăng lên. Tại sao? Thường câu chuyện năng suất tăng lên có thể dùng công nghệ để lý giải khá dễ dàng. Ví dụ: các nhà khoa học bây giờ đẩy nhanh được quá trình nghiên cứu nhờ vào AI. Đó là câu chuyện đầu ra (học khoa học xong - > nhà khoa học). Còn đầu vào, số người học khoa học ít hơn - > ảnh hưởng tới demand cho chương trình học khoa học tại đại học. Vậy khi các trường thấy demand cho một sản phẩm giảm đi, khả năng cao họ sẽ cung cấp sản phẩm khác (a.k.a. ngành học khác) để bán. Cái này nhìn bề nổi thì chẳng thấy ảnh hưởng gì. Tuy nhiên, demand cho ngành khoa học giảm đi thì liệu funding cho ngành khoa học của các trường có giảm đi không? Khả năng cao cũng là không, vì trong con mắt của chính phủ thì khoa học nó vẫn quan trọng. Túm lại là nếu chúng ta “tạm đồng ý” rằng các assumptions trên là đúng (‘tạm đồng ý’ là công nhận nó cho tới khi đưa ra được bằng chứng chứng minh điều ngược lại), thì việc ít người học khoa học hơn có vẻ không có ảnh hưởng gì đáng kể lên những khía cạnh của xã hội trực tiếp chịu ảnh hưởng của số lượng người học khoa học (thị trường lao động của khoa học + đơn vị cung cấp sản phẩm đào tạo nhà khoa học). So far, mình cũng chỉ dùng các nguyên lý đơn giản của cung & cầu để suy luận thôi. Nó có thể đúng hoặc không đúng so với thực tế, nhưng mà phần logic mình thấy khá là chặt chẽ, mà miễn là logic chặt chẽ thì có lý do hợp lệ để một bài văn tồn tại.
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2. [Draft 2 ] It is true that there is a lack of students majoring in science-related fields. This could be attributed to a number of factors, and it could affect humans’ quality of life and the economy of a country. There are two main contributors to the shift away from science subjects among students. In developed nations, science has already been prioritized over decades, which has produced an abundance of people working in the science field. This surplus renders this domain fiercely competitive, discouraging students from choosing to study it. On the other hand, in underdeveloped and developing nations, it is wiser for governments to invest in the tourism industry, which yields immediate results. The proliferation of lucrative jobs created to cater for increasing demands for tourist activities has attracted a large proportion of young people in these countries, which explains the dearth of students in science majors. The lack of students studying science subjects may not pose any imminent drawback, but in the long run, it could have a stultifying effect on the economy of a nation and human health. Research has shown that productivity can only be improved if innovations are made, or new technologies are invented. It naturally follows that the corollary of the dearth of science majors would perhaps hinder the economic progress of the society. Furthermore, humans are still suffering from countless health problems that are presently incurable and we can only hope that scientific breakthroughs can be made to solve them. The further away from science education would prolong the suffering of ill people and increase the number of deaths resulting from those heal issues. In conclusion, the tendency among young people to choose other areas of knowledge rather than science can be ascribed to the high level of competition within the field in developed countries and more attractive job opportunities in developing countries. This development is deeply troubling as it would fail to enhance people’s well-being and stultify economic growth in the long run. Phrases for Human Health Impact: ● Implications for public health ● Effects on healthcare advancements ● Consequences for medical research and treatment ● Ramifications for addressing health challenges ● Impact on the development of medical breakthroughs Phrases for Economic Impact: ● Potential repercussions on the economy ● Long-term effects on economic prosperity ● Implications for national economic development ● Economic ramifications of declining interest in science ● Impact on technological innovation and economic growth
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6. [Sample] Do you agree or disagree with the statement that the government should invest more money in science education rather than other subjects to develop the country?
- Establishing an appropriate national framework of education curriculums is of paramount importance to the development of the country. It is often believed that science subjects should attract more investment than other disciplines. However, I strongly disagree with this belief, because there are many subjects that are equally or even more important than science. I contend that language education plays no lesser role in developing a nation than science does. While science education is meant for scientists, language education may help a nation to develop a strong labor force in almost every field. This is because thanks to language education, students have access to a wealth of knowledge written in other languages, and may become future experts in a variety of areas. History is also more significant than science studies. I believe in this because history may instill a sense of patriotism in all students, and as a result they will be more willing to contribute to the country in the future. In sharp contrast to this, many developing nations have witnessed a vast number of scientists who choose to migrate to more developed nations for better living and working conditions. If the history subject had been prioritized, this brain-drain phenomenon would not have occurred because they would have felt more compelled to remain in their homeland and contribute to society. Finally, I would argue that the significance of management and economics far outweighs that of science studies. In today's world, it is a common practice that one country purchases one another's technology and inventions. Therefore, the national advantages that derive from the advances of science are not as significant as they once were before globalization. By contrast, nowadays, there is an urgent need for management experts and economists who are the driving force behind economic and societal development. It is these people, not scientists, who deserve the prioritization in education investment. From the issues outlined above, one may conclude that the government should not grant any financial privileges to science education. **VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- curriculum (n): chương trình giảng dạy
- to be of paramount importance (collocation): rất quan trọng
- attract more investment (collocation): thu hút vốn đầu tư
- a strong labour force (collocation): lực lượng lao động mạnh
- a wealth of knowledge (collocation): một trữ lượng kiến thức khổng lồ
- a sense of patriotism (collocation): lòng yêu nước**
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2. [Mine] Historically, scientific breakthroughs have been at the core of the development of society. Many argue that in order to perpetuate this progress, governments ought to focus more resources on teaching science in schools. In this essay, I will argue that additional investments in science education would be futile, and that there exist other academic fields where this funding would be of better use. People who advocate for the idea of allocating more public funds to science courses may argue that this governmental support could be used to cover the costs of new laboratories and equipment. By making these facilities more accessible to students, educators hope to kindle an interest in science among students and encourage them to become scientists in the future. However, I believe this argument is flawed; there is no guarantee that students would grow fonder of science if more efforts were put into teaching it. This is because academic pursuits are influenced to a great extent by aptitudes and preferences, and not everybody is suited to study science. Furthermore, an extra supply of scientists in the future does not necessarily benefit all societies. In fact, people who conduct scientific research would be of little value in developing nations where hunger and poverty are more pressing matters at hand. These social ills are arguably better addressed by experts in management and economics. Therefore, it seems more apt to dedicate public funds to these academic domains instead of science. While technological advancements can result in improved productivity in other sectors and bolster economic growth, they are not achieved only by having more people studying science. As technology transfer is made possible thanks to globalization, nations can purchase the latest innovations from others. For example, Vietnam has adopted Israeli farming methods to increase crop yields and farming efficiency. It was able to gain access to advanced agricultural technologies without having to increase spending on teaching science in schools. In conclusion, little benefit would accrue to a country from extra subsidies for science education. I firmly believe that taxpayers' money would be better expended on social subjects as well as direct investments in science. **[Science Education] VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- perpetuate (v): tiếp nối, duy trì
- futile (adj): vô ích, không có tác dụng
- cover the costs of something: trang trải cho chi phí của cái gì đấy
- pressing matters: các vấn đề cấp bách
- bolster economic growth: thúc đẩy phát triển kinh tế
- subsidy: tiền viện trợ của chính phủ**
