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IICRC - APPLIED STRUCTURAL DRYING, Exams of Water and Wastewater Engineering

United States International UniversityWater and Wastewater Engineering

Air Filtration Device (ADF) - Answers -Commonly called an air scrubber or negative air machine if airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately installed _______ ________ ________ Air Filtration Device - Answers -AFD Assembly Construction - Answers -Prior to determining the best drying system for affected materials, restorers should identify and understand the assembly construction (ie wall assembly, floor assembly)

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IICRC - APPLIED STRUCTURAL DRYING
Air Filtration Device (ADF) - Answers -Commonly called an air scrubber or negative air
machine if airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately
installed _______ ________ ________
Air Filtration Device - Answers -AFD
Assembly Construction - Answers -Prior to determining the best drying system for
affected materials, restorers should identify and understand the assembly construction
(ie wall assembly, floor assembly)
Category 1 - Answers -water originates from a sanitary source and does not pose
substantial risk for dermal, ingestion, inhalation, or exposure. Uncontaminated and
routinely cleaned
Category 2 - Answers -water contains significant contamination and has the potential to
cause discomfort or sickness if contacted or consumed by humans
Category 3 - Answers -water is grossly contaminated and can contain pathogenic,
toxigenic, or other harmful agents
Sewage Back Up - Answers -Category 3
Clean water supply line - Answers -Category 1
Class 1 - Answers -Least amount of water absorption and evaporation load - Wet
porous materials - water loss is less then 5% of the area
Class 2 - Answers -Significant amount of water absorption and evaporation load - water
intrusion where wet represents 5% - 40% of the area.
Class 3 - Answers -greatest amount of water absorption and evaporation load. Water
intrusion where wet represents over 40% of the area
Class 4 - Answers -deeply held or bound water. Significant amount of water absorption
into low evaporation materials. Drying may require special drying methods, longer
drying time, or substantial water vapor pressure differentials.
Closed drying system - Answers -Uses mechanical dehumidification and is not open to
outside air. Used if there are security issues, the outside air is not conductive to drying
or when access to outside air is not possible.
Conventual refrigerant dehumidifier - Answers -Removes water vapor from the air by
lowering the temperature of the incoming air to below dew point and causing the water
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IICRC - APPLIED STRUCTURAL DRYING

Air Filtration Device (ADF) - Answers -Commonly called an air scrubber or negative air machine if airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately installed _______ ________ ________ Air Filtration Device - Answers -AFD Assembly Construction - Answers -Prior to determining the best drying system for affected materials, restorers should identify and understand the assembly construction (ie wall assembly, floor assembly) Category 1 - Answers -water originates from a sanitary source and does not pose substantial risk for dermal, ingestion, inhalation, or exposure. Uncontaminated and routinely cleaned Category 2 - Answers -water contains significant contamination and has the potential to cause discomfort or sickness if contacted or consumed by humans Category 3 - Answers -water is grossly contaminated and can contain pathogenic, toxigenic, or other harmful agents Sewage Back Up - Answers -Category 3 Clean water supply line - Answers -Category 1 Class 1 - Answers -Least amount of water absorption and evaporation load - Wet porous materials - water loss is less then 5% of the area Class 2 - Answers -Significant amount of water absorption and evaporation load - water intrusion where wet represents 5% - 40% of the area. Class 3 - Answers -greatest amount of water absorption and evaporation load. Water intrusion where wet represents over 40% of the area Class 4 - Answers -deeply held or bound water. Significant amount of water absorption into low evaporation materials. Drying may require special drying methods, longer drying time, or substantial water vapor pressure differentials. Closed drying system - Answers -Uses mechanical dehumidification and is not open to outside air. Used if there are security issues, the outside air is not conductive to drying or when access to outside air is not possible. Conventual refrigerant dehumidifier - Answers -Removes water vapor from the air by lowering the temperature of the incoming air to below dew point and causing the water

to condense on the coils. Cold and hot surfaces created with gases inside a closed coil system. Combination Drying System - Answers -uses some outdoor air with dehumidifiers to accelerate the drying process. This can include periodically venting (flushing) the structure, using negative pressure or using small openings to the outside Temperature - Answers -To decrease drying time of wet materials, restorers can increase the __________ of moisture in the materials. This accelerates the water molecules to make them move to the air. Tuesday - Answers -The day with the greatest vapor pressure differential between air and material was Monday - Surface Vapor Pressure: .90 Air Vapor Pressure: .73 = Monday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Tuesday- Surface Vapor Pressure: 1.51 Air Vapor Pressure: .55 = Tuesday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Wednesday- Surface Vapor Pressure: 1.04 Air Vapor Pressure: .31 = Wednesday Vapor Pressure Differential:. Coldest Dew Point - Answers -In the driest environments, we'll find _______? High Temperatures - Answers -The IICRC S500 Water Damage Restoration Standard mentions the following concerns: ______________ ___________ may have weakending or destructive effects on the structural integrity or physical makeup of building materials and contents. Restores should be aware of any instructions or safety recommendations from manufactures of heating devices to protect occupant safety and avoid fire hazards Desiccant Dehumidifiers - Answers -Use chemicals that readily absorb moisture. These machines operate with temperatures ranging from -10°F - 140°F and can remove moisture from air where the humidity ratio is as low as 5 gpp This one dehumidifier can work below 32°F Colder and Dryer - Answers -The ____________ & _________ the intake air is the more efficiently a desiccant operates Positive Pressure - Answers -When a desiccant dehumidifier is drawing outside air and ducting processed air inside a building it can create ____________ ___________ in the building. Convection Conduction Radiation - Answers -Heat flows from areas of warm temperatures to areas of cool temperature in the absence of other factors. The greater the temperature difference

moisture diffusion - Answers -__________ ___________ is the movement of water vapor molecules through the material. Driven by moisture gradients as well as vapor pressure differential from inside the material to one or both outer surfaces of the material. Air Vapor Pressure - Answers -To increase evaporation from permeable material you should increase material water vapor pressure and lower _____________

Increases - Answers -When the temperature of material is increased the vapor pressure of the liquid in the material __________ To Decrease Drying time of wet materials - Answers -Restorers can increase the temperature of moisture in materials 7 - Answers -If using LGRs, the water category is 3 and the cubic feet of the area is

  1. What is the minimum initial dehumidifier AHAM rated performance pint capacity recommendation. (using the IICRC Initial Dehumidification Recommendation Calculation Sheet)
  2. Hallway : 70oz nylon, direct glue installation - Answers -Which wet carpet floor covering would be the easiest to extract (Cat 1 | Class 1)
  3. Dining Room: 50oz loop-pile nylon with #8 bonded urethane cushion
  4. Living Room: 32oz cut-pile polypropylene with #6 bonded urethane cushion
  5. Hallway : 70oz nylon, direct glue installation 99.97% 0.3 - Answers -HEPA Filters are rated to remove ________% of particles down to ______ micron HEPA Filters are rated to remove - Answers -99.97% of particles down to 0.3 micron Regulations - Answers -Identifying suspected hazards is a critical step in the inspection process. It is also required by safety and health ____________ Ground Conductor - Answers -When using extension cords, you should ensure they contain a ____________ ______________ Air Filtration Devise - Answers -If airborne particles need to be reduced, you could use an appropriately installed ___________ _____________ ____________ Desiccant dehumidifier - Answers -Removes water vapor from the air through absorption. Usually requires more amperage as compared to refrigerant dehumidifier. Desiccants create the lowest vapor pressure which work best on low porosity materials. When a desiccant dehu is drawing outside air and ducting processed air inside a

building it can create positive pressure in the building. To improve desiccant dehu performance, it may be beneficial to pre-cool the desiccants air intake Infiltration - Answers -High humidity outside air could affect the drying climate adversely due to ______________

  1. Tightness of the building envelope
  2. Prevailing weather
  3. HVAC
  4. Class of Water
  5. Building Construction
  6. Build out density - Answers -Favors that affect the detailed dehumidifier calculation is: Detailed Dehumidification Calculation - Answers -See Chart: Cubic Feet : Divided by 70 = Base Pints per day Multiply the 5 multipliers together: Build out density x building construction x class of water x HVAC x Weather Impact = Multiplier Multiply Base Pints per day x Multiplier = Adjusted Pints Per Day Dry Standards - Answers -The unaffected material readings are called ______ ______. You know you can use this as your drying goal. Your drying goal is this plus 10% of it. Drying Goal Calculation - Answers -Dry standard + (Dry standard x 10%) =

Why does demolition occur - Answers -1. Removing Materials to eliminate safety hazards

  1. Removing materials that have suffered primary damage and are not restorable
  2. Removing porous materials that are holding odor
  3. Removing vapor barriers to assist with drying efforts
  4. Removing materials to reduce drying time
  5. Removing materials to open cavities or areas to provide additional needed services Useful for adjuster, or notes on xactimate line items Recommendation Calculation - Answers -Step 1: Install One air mover in each affected Room Step 2: Add one air mover for every 50-70 square feet of affected wet floor in each room Step 3. Add one air mover for every 100 - 150 square feet of affected wet ceiling and wall areas above approximately 24" Step 4: Add one air mover for each wall inset and offset greater than 18" Step 5: Total x - y This is the __________ ___________ Recommendation Calculation Refrigerants Dehumidification Recommendation Calculation - Answers -Cubic Footage / Chart Factor (use IICRC chart) = Total PPD (pints per day)

Should - Answers -This is industry standards best practice. IEP - Answers -Indoor Environmental Professional Indoor Environmental Professional - Answers -The IICRC (2003) states that "The role of an IEP is to perform an assessment of the fungal ecology of property, systems and contents at the job site, create a sampling strategy, sample the indoor environment, interpret laboratory data and determine Condition 1, 2 and 3 status for the purpose of establishing a scope of work (pre-remediation assessment) and/or when necessary to verify the return to normal fungal ecology. PPE - Answers -personal protective equipment Cupping - Answers -Water is trapped underneath and caused the flooring to do this Crowning - Answers -The water is on the top of the flooring causing the flooring planks to do this BTU - Answers -British thermal unit. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Converting Grain Depression to PPD - Answers -CFM of Dehu x Grain Depression / 71 = PPD AHAM - Answers -The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. AHAM ratings - Answers -60% humidity and 80 degrees Fahrenheit to present a realistic picture of how equipment will perform in an "average" environment. Amps - Answers -The amount of electricity (current) flowing in a circuit Volts - Answers -The force of electricity flow in a circuit Watts - Answers -The amount of electricity an electrical device uses when operating Power Consumption Formula - Answers -Volts x amps x 24 hours = watts ÷ 1000 = kW x cost per kW @ day Sanitize Disinfect Sterylize - Answers -Levels of cleaning low to high

EPA - Answers -Environmental Protection Agency

An independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment Psychrometric - Answers -study of the relationship between air, humidity and temperature and their effect on various materials and comfort levels Psychrometric chart - Answers -chart consisting of lines and curves that shows the relationship between air volume, temperature and relative humidity, and from which a variety of other information (humidity ratio-gpp, dew point, vapor pressure, etc.) relating to drying may be determined Balanced drying - Answers -ideal drying situation in which the rate of evaporation is equal to or slightly less than the rate of dehumidification or ventilation. Infiltration - Answers -migration of air into and area from outside area due to high VP differential Permeance - Answers -a measure of water flow through material(s) of specific thickness. Humidity, airflow and temperature (HAT) - Answers -work together and when managed, enable achieving target time for drying influences movement toward equilibrium - wet seeks dry; hot seeks cold; high vapor pressure seeks low vapor pressure 20% 16% - Answers -_____% rotting fungi growth IN wood _____% - non-rotting fungi growth ON wood 7.48 - Answers -Gallons per cubic foot of water depth 80% - Answers -_____% - available power to use per NEC per amperage in circuit 15 20 - Answers -Residential v. commercial - generally, residential ______amp / commercial ______ amp (consider never using over 80% of available amperage) Moisture Sensor - Answers -Senses moisture in materials over 17% MC; helps determine perimeter of water damage; unable to determine which layer is wet or when dry Thermo-hygrometer - Answers -determines temperature / RH in all required atmospheric areas of inspection; helps determine open or closed drying system; further determines dehumidifier recommendations after initial placement

LGR - Answers -Low grain refrigerant dehu - uses the same technology as a conventual refrigerant, but the air is pre-cooled before the cold coils are pre warmed before the heat exchanger, heat pipe or heat siphon, resulting in better efficiency as compared to a conventional refrigerant dehu. LGR dehu continue to remove a significant amount of water vapor below 40 GPP Hygroscopic Materials - Answers -Easily absorb and desorb (release) moisture. Usually, the first materials to become damaged by abnormal water. Can be easily damaged from high humidity (secondary damage) Moisture Content - Answers -A measure of the amount of moisture present in the structure of a material. Moisture Level - Answers -The measurement of the amount of moisture contained in a material on the relative scale. Moisture Movement - Answers -The primary mechanisms through which moisture moves through hygroscopic materials are capillary action and diffusion Regulated Materials - Answers -If presumed asbestos containing materials or lead in materials are discovered, you should stop activities that can potentially disturb the hazardous materials. If asbestos is found or suspected, removal shall be performed by a Licensed Asbestos abatement contractor Relative Humidity (RH) - Answers -the amount of water vapor present in air expressed as a percentage of the amount needed for saturation at the same temperature. Thermodynamics - Answers -the science of how energy changes. Examples : Wet goes to dry, hot goes to cold, high pressure goes to low pressure 2 LGR dehumidifiers - Answers -You are working on a class 2 water loss that has two affected areas. Area 1 is 3750CF and Area 2 is 2700CF You plan to dry both areas together using an LGR Dehu rated at 80 ppd at AHAM. How many of these dehus do you need to install on this project. C. Always round up - doesn't matter the decimal amount - Answers -When you are calculating equipment do you A. Use the exact number B. Always Round down C. Always round up - doesn't matter the decimal amount 2 desiccants - Answers -You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu AHAM rated at 385 CFM. How many of these dehumidifiers do you need to install on this project

45360 CFH - Answers -You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu. What is the CFH? 756 CFM - Answers -You are working on a class 3 water loss that has an affected area of 15120 CF. You plan to dry the area with a desiccant dehu. What is the CFM? 6-7 air movers - Answers -A room is 186 sqft (8' ceilings) with one offset larger than 18" (included in the sq ft calculation). The entire floor area is wet and walls show only minor wicking except for Wall A and B - totaling 90 sqft The ceiling is not affected. What is the range of air movers you would need for this using the IICRC calculation guide 3 AFDs - Answers -Structure dimensions are 45' x 50' x 10'. Calculate using 4ACH. The AFDs you have are rated at 500 CFM. How many AFDs would you need for this project? Calculation: Cubic Feet (CF) x ACH / 60 = CFM CFM/Rated CFM= # of AFD 1 AFD - Answers -Structure dimensions are 30' x40' x8' According to the IICRC the desired air change rate per hour (ACR) is 4. The AFDs you have are rated at 700 CFM. How many AFDs will you need. Calculation: Cubic Feet (CF) x ACH / 60 = CFM CFM/Rated CFM= # of AFD 9 - 11 air movers - Answers -Room is 22' x14' x12' with a 6'6" x 2'6" off set The total floor square footage is 324.25 sq ft The entire floor area is wet and walls show only minor wicking except 1 wall - sq ft area of affected wall minus 2 ft at bottom is 165sqft. The ceiling is not affected Loss Category 3 - Answers -Sally experienced a water damage in her home that has affected the crawlspace. The cause of loss is a broken sanitary sewer line. What loss category is this? Loss Category 1 - Answers -The cold-water supply line to the kitchen sink broke at the valve, saturating many areas of the house. What category loss is this? 5-6 air movers - Answers -A room that is 235 sq ft. 8' high ceilings with little to no wicking. Floor is the only area wet. What is the range of air movers you would place? 3-4 air movers - Answers -The dining room is 115sq ft. 8' high ceilings with little to no wicking. Floor is the only area wet. What is the range of air movers you would place?