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What developmental theory describes an adolescent's ability to think abstractly? a. cognitive development b. erickson's theory of development c. social cognitive theory d. dynamic systems theory - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. cognitive development According to the social cognitive theory, to what does the term "perspective taking" refer? a. internalizing another person's situation b. thinking cognitively about another person's situation c. role playing d. thinking cognitively about your own situation - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. thinking cognitively about another person's situation A 5-year-old boy continues to attempt to play with children who openly ridicule him and leave him out of games. His persistence with this group of children has recently resulted in a number of fights on the playground. After being referred to your office, you learn that he has an unsupportive home life. His parents were divorced last year. He lives with his mother who works at night, and he does not
see his father. He is often left at home alone; however, a neighbor watches him from time to time. According to the cognitive behavior theory, what developmental skills is this child clacking? a. interpersonal skills b. abstract thinking skills c. concrete thinking skills d. self-identity - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. interpersonal skills A 5-year-old boy continues to attempt to play with children who openly ridicule him and leave him out of games. His persistence with this group of children has recently resulted in a number of fights on the playground. After being referred to your office, you learn that he has an unsupportive home life. His parents were divorced last year. He lives with his mother who works at night, and he does not see his father. He is often left at home alone; however, a neighbor watches him from time to time. According to pavlov's theory of development, what would you expect to occur in terms of this child's learning and behavior? a. nothing, he would naturally continue to try to fit in b. the child would become conditioned to the negative response and avoid the situation c. the child would take cues from his social environment and act accordingly d. the child would grow out of this stage and soon make friends - ✔✔✔ANSWER- b. the child would become conditioned to the negative response and avoid the situation Which of the following would be a barrier to a child's mental development? a. malnutrition b. an abusive home
a. behavior and environment affect each other b. the ego is affected by the id and superego c. genetics is the sole cause of behavior d. behavior has no effect on the environment - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. behavior and environment affect each other According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, a student will follow school rules in order to avoid receiving detention. This is an example of what stage of moral development? a. personal reward b. law and order c. good boy-nice girl d. punishment-obedience - ✔✔✔ANSWER-d. punishment-obedience When a diagnostic assessment for learning needs is conducted, what factors are not considered? a. prior knowledge b. interests c. learning style preferences d. sociability - ✔✔✔ANSWER-d. sociability When would a formative assessment be conducted? a. prior to an intervention b. during an intervention c. after an intervention d. only if the student refuses an intervention - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. during an intervention
What is one explanation if a student continues to perform poorly on Summative Assessments? a. formative assessments were not properly conducted b. the intervention was successful c. the student is bored and is trying d. the assessment is too difficult - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. formative assessment were not properly conducted According to Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning, what is the highest level of learning? a. evaluation b. comprehension c. application d. knowledge - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. evaluation In survey type assessments, a Likert-type scale is often used. These scales use either an even or an odd number of responses. For scales using an even number of responses, there is no neutral answer, and the individual must choose either a negative or positive response. For scales using an odd number of responses, the individual has the opportunity to choose a neutral or undecided response. As a counselor, you decide to use a 5-point Likert-type scale student survey to determine your students' knowledge and use of drugs and alcohol. What is one flaw of this method that you must be aware of? a. students might not understand the scale b. students might choose the neutral selection to avoid committing to a positive or negative answer c. the method can produce unrealistic results due to social desirability factors
What is the beneficial of continued assessments? a. student progress is montiored b. areas of weakness are identified c. learning styles and goals can be modified d. all of the above - ✔✔✔ANSWER-d. all of the above What is the purpose of demographic information on survey assessments? a. no real purpose b. this information should not be included c. identify differences d. identify similarities - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. identify differences Pre-post tests are important tools for assessments. What is the main thing to consider when developing a pre-post test? a. who will take the test b. key ideas and concepts c. number of questions d. when to give the test - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. key ideas and concepts Elementary school counselors must have a strong understand of what? a. child development b. continued education options c. relationship building d. adjustment and coping mechanisms - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. child development
What issues might a primary prevention group address for adolescent grief? a. grief and loss b. aggressive behaviors c. self esteem d. abuse - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. self esteem Communication and conflict resolution can be taught most effectively in what type of setting? a. primary prevention group b. structured intervention group c. individual counseling d. group detentions - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. primary prevention group Rather than requiring students who disobey the rules on fighting to serve a silent detention, you suggest conducting a problem-centered, structured intervention group. What issues should you focus on during this group? a. self-actualization b. aggressive behaviors c. safety d. physiological issues - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. aggressive behaviors Teachers need basic safety training in school violence to learn how to keep themselves and students safe. In addition to this basic safety training, what other issues should be discussed to assist teachers in understanding problems in their schools? a. student dynamics
b. define problem, determine goals, develop intervention, revisit goals, develop a second intervention, and terminate counseling c. conduct psychoanalysis, determine underlying problem, develop group interventions plan, reinforce behavior, assign strategic task, and terminate counseling d. identify prevention steps, define problem, determine goals, develop intervention, assign strategic task, and terminate counseling - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. define problem, determine goals, develop intervention, revisit goals, assign strategic tasks, and terminate counseling When developing an intervention, a counselor should state the problem in a positive way. What is this known as? a. positive problem statements b. utilization c. reframing d. rephrasing - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. reframing Some counselors give students assignments related to the problems and goals that have been identified in counseling sessions to complete in between sessions. What is this kind of an assignment called? a. homework b. counseling tasking c. strategic task d. goal-oriented task - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. strategic task A student comes into your office with a referral from her English teacher. This is typically a straight A student; however, her grades have been slipping lately. She states that she has been "stressed out" but that nothing serious is going on. What
issues might you want to ask about in order to determine the reason for her lower grades? a. self-esteem issues b. problems with a friend or boyfriend c. difficulty level of her classes d. mental health history - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. problems with a friend or boyfriend There are a number of risk factors affecting children and adolescents. Which is not considered a risk factor? a. poverty b. uneducated parents c. single-parent family d. one parent with a high school diploma and one with a bachelor's degree - ✔✔✔ANSWER-d. one parent with a high school diploma and one with a bachelor's degree A known bully in the school is referred to your office. In addition to providing intervention for his violent behavior, what common issue or risk factor should you take into consideration? a. pathology b. potential to drop out of school c. future self-esteem issues d. poor conflict management skills - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. potential to drop out of school Young girls who experience abuse in the home or in a relationship have increased risk factors including: a. drug abuse
A local plant recently closed down, causing hundreds of adults in your community to lose their jobs. How might this affect the school district's community? a. schools may experience a drop in attendance and achievement b. students will be able to spend more time with their parents and, as a result, do better in school c. the number of students in school will decrease as families move to find work d. there may be an increase in participation in the school's on-the-job training program, as students need to work to help the family financially - ✔✔✔ANSWER- a. schools may experience a drop in attendance and achievement The school you work in has a high rate of parent participation. You would like to use this information to further increase the success of your students. What can a counselor do to make sure parents have the opportunity to continue supporting the school? a. send note home thanking them for their continued support b. develop programs that encourage parent participation c. offer parent education programs addressing the needs of their children in terms of success in the future d. provide students with mentoring programs so that they can gain the support of adults in the business community - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. develop programs that encourage parent participation One major risk for students is having parents with little or no education or parents who do not speak English as a first language. As a counselor, how could you address this issue? a. offer educational opportunities for parents, such as reading and writing classes b. suggest to parents that they enroll in college and earn degrees c. develop educational programs that teach students to be independent of their families
d. provide counseling services to all students who have uneducated parents - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. offer educational opportunities for parents, such as reading and writing classes Studies have suggested that training in social skills benefits gifted and students with disabilities. What specific factor does such training address? a. self-esteem b. sociability c. attendance rates d. family risk factors - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. sociability Collaboration with other teachers is a good way to incorporate positive behaviors and communication throughout the school. How can a teacher advisor program assist in this collaboration? a. provides all-around support to the students b. makes the teacher feel important and more willing to work with the counselor c. provides more watchful eyes for bad behavior d. gives students more opportunities to get help with their school work - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. provides all-around support to the students The DIRECT technique is a counseling method used in many school districts. What does DIRECT stand for? a. district initiative regarding educational counseling techniques b. dynamic introspective reasoning for educational counseling theory c. direct individual response educational consulting technique d. direct individual reaction to educational counseling theories - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. direct individual response educational consulting technique
You work in an inner city school where students are subject to a number of risk factors. The rate of violent incidences is above average, as are the numbers of drug offensives and teen pregnancies. The school currently has various in-house prevention and intervention programs offered on a volunteer or referral basis to all students. However, even the most successful of these programs yield few positive results. As the counselor, you decide to restructure the programs in an attempt to increase their effectiveness by collaborating with the community. It comes to your attention that some of the teachers in this school are treating students in drug intervention programs differently. As the school counselor, what should you do to stop this behavior? a. conduct training for the teachers on discrimination and diversity in the schools b. report these teachers to the proper superiors c. nothing, your job is to deal only with - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. conduct training for the teachers on discrimination and diversity in the schools You work in an inner city school where students are subject to a number of risk factors. The rate of violent incidences is above average, as are the numbers of drug offensives and teen pregnancies. The school currently has various in-house prevention and intervention programs offered on a volunteer or referral basis to all students. However, even the most successful of these programs yield few positive results. As the counselor, you decide to restructure the programs in an attempt to increase their effectiveness by collaborating with the community. Even after the restructuring of prevention and intervention programs, you feel the results could be better. What further action could you take to increase program effectiveness? a. change participation in the prevention programs from voluntary to mandatory b. increase the number of programs available c. bring in a consultant to review programs and brainstorm new ideas d. a - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. bring in a consultant to review programs and brainstorm new ideas
You work in an inner city school where students are subject to a number of risk factors. The rate of violent incidences is above average, as are the numbers of drug offensives and teen pregnancies. The school currently has various in-house prevention and intervention programs offered on a volunteer or referral basis to all students. However, even the most successful of these programs yield few positive results. As the counselor, you decide to restructure the programs in an attempt to increase their effectiveness by collaborating with the community. What is the best strategy for choosing teacher advisors for students? a. divide the students alphabetically by last name b. obtain a list of students each teacher would like to advise c. obtain a list of preferred teacher advisors from the students d. obtain a list of preferred teacher advisors from the parents - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. obtain a list of preferred teacher advisors from the students You have implemented a new teacher-advising program for students in the school. What do the teachers need to know about their new role? a. they should both provide support and serve as advocates for their students b. they need to meet with students only once a year c. they should provide tutoring services to the students when necessary d. they will be required to report all interactions with the students on a monthly basis - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. they should both provide support and serve as advocates for their students Why are collaborations between teachers and the community important for a counselor? a. collaborations provide insight and information that might not otherwise be readily available b. collaborations provide additional financial support for students
c. teacher-student d. counselor-student - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. student led A counselor initiates a home visiting program to be conducted when a student is at a transition point in school, such as moving from elementary to middle school. What would the goal of a home visit be? a. to check up on the home environment and the parents b. to provide supportive services and education to the parents c. to make sure the home is suitable for studying d. to inform the parents of their child's new teacher and classroom location - ✔✔✔ANSWER-b. to provide supportive services and education to the parents A counselor finds that many of the parents of the students she works with do not speak English, and the counselor is not bilingual. What should the counselor do with regard to communication between the school and parents? a. send letters home and have student translate them b. do not communicate with the families c. provide a translator for meetings d. require the parents take English courses - ✔✔✔ANSWER-c. provide a translator for meetings What is one strategy that a high school counselor can implement to increase parent participation in their children's academics? a. provide training sessions that teach parents to be tutors for their children b. require parents to sign a form confirming that students have completed outside reading assignments c. suggest that parents help students with homework every night
d. offer regular reports and information on student performance, as well as school events and programs - ✔✔✔ANSWER-d. offer regular reports and information on student performance, as well as school events and programs Parents can be involved in the school in a number of ways. You would like to increase parent participation in the career resource room at the school. In addition to contacting the PTA, how else might a counselor recruit parents to volunteer? a. distribute annual surveys for parents to identify their volunteer interests and abilities b. the PTA is the only place to find volunteers c. place an ad in the newspaper d. recruit teachers because they are easier to contact - ✔✔✔ANSWER-a. distribute annual surveys for parents to identify their volunteer interests and abilities There is little parent involvement in many schools due to large numbers of working parents. What is one strategy to use to increase participation? a. offer incentives for participation b. focus on the unemployed parents to work with c. suggest holding meetings and events on the weekend d. offer opportunities at various times during the week - ✔✔✔ANSWER-d. offer opportunities at various times during the week How are School Advisory Boards connected with parent collaboration? a. they include the participation of parents and community in the decision making process, which results in a feeling of ownership from these groups b. they are a way to get parents to volunteer and increase a school's parent participation rate c. meetings are held at night so that working parents can attend
