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Immunology Final Exam
Which of the following is NOT apart of the Acquired Immune System? a. Passive Immunization b. Active Immunization c. Physiological and Chemical Barriers d. None of the above - correct answer C. Physiological and Chemical Barriers What are the characteristics of the Immune Response? a. Adaptive b. Indiscrimination between self and none-self c. A & B d. A & C e. All the above - correct answer d. A & C Which of the following is true about antigen-presenting cells? a. They are macrophages b. Present antigens to T-cells c. MHC complexes are present upon them d. All the above e. None of the above - correct answer d. All the above What characteristic is true about the clonal selection theory? a. Recognizes foreign molecules b. Self-reactive epitopes are shut off c. Very few antigen specificities present before antigenic contact
d. Both A & B e. Both B & C f. All of the above - correct answer d. Both A & B What is true about lymphocytes? a. B Lymphocytes secrete antibodies b. T Lymphocytes secrete cytokines c. There are multiple specificities per lymphocytes d. Both A & B e. All the above - correct answer d. Both A & B Antibody interactions are: a. strong with covalent bonds b. weak with covalent bonds c. strong with Van der Waals forces d. Weak with Van der Waals forces e. Contain both weak and strong bonds - correct answer d. Weak with Van der Waals forces Which type of T-Cell kills other cells? a. helper b. cytotoxic c. DHT d. All the above - correct answer b. cytotoxic What are the characteristics of innate immunity? a. Non-specific b. Born with it c. Body's second line of defense
d. They kill virus infected and tumor cells e. None of the above - correct answer b. They have Killer-Excitatory Receptors (KER's), which bind to MHC I complexes Which of the following is NOT a symptom of inflammation? a. Swelling b. Redness c. Pain d. Gain of Function e. Head - correct answer d. Gain of Function What are the local effects of kinins? a. Smooth muscle contraction b. Decreased vascular permeability to all for leukocyte extravasion c. Inhibit pain and itching d. None of the above e. All of the above - correct answer d. None of the above What is the primary lymphoid organ for T-lymphocytes? a. Thymus b. Tonsils c. Throat d. Bone marrow e. Spleen - correct answer a. Thymus Which of the following is NOT a function of the secondary lymphoid organs? a. Antigen-independent lymphocyte differentiation b. Trap foreign substances c. T-cell induction
d. Lymphocyte differentiation e. None of the above - correct answer a. Antigen-independent lymphocyte differentiation What occurs in germinal centers of the spleen? a. Terminal differentiation of B-cells b. Terminal differentiation of T-cells c. Major organ of cytokine production d. A & C e. A & B f. All the above - correct answer a. Terminal differentiation of B-cells An antigen is: a. Capable of binding to lymphocytes b. A hapten if the happen is conjugated to a carrier c. Always an immunogen d. A & B e. A & C f. B & C - correct answer d. A & B What is the first requirement for immunogenicity? a. Higher molecular weight b. Complex structure c. Foreignness d. Not degradable e. Present in the blood - correct answer c. Foreignness What is the characteristic of the second immune response to the same antigen? a. Quicker b. Low magnitude
d. The only approved human adjuvant is Alum e. All the above - correct answer a. It does the same thing as a carrier The following properties render a substance immunogenic: a. High molecular weight b. Chemical complexity c. Degradability d. All of the above e. All of the above are essential but not sufficient - correct answer e. All of the above are essential but not sufficient Which of the following is true concerning the structure of an antibody? a. It is composed of heavy, medium, and light chains b. The light chains are composed of either (mu) or (kappa) chains c. The type of light chain determines the class of Ig d. There are 4 classes of Ig e. Both heavy chains are identical - correct answer e. Both heavy chains are identical Papin digestion causes what fragments of Ig? a. 2 Fab and 1 Fc b. 1 Fab and 2 Fc c. 1 F(ab)2 and 1 Fc d. 2 F(ab)2 and 2 Fc e. Papain does not digest Ig - correct answer a. 2 Fab and 1 Fc What is true about Ig Structure? a. The hinge region allows flexibility and movement of the Ig b. The intracellular globular domains contain intrasulfide bonds c. The Fc regions allows for specific biological activities
d. The Fab region binds antigen e. All the above - correct answer e. All the above The variable regions of the Ig contain: a. Epitope binding b. 2 hyper variable regions c. Strong forces over a small area d. The same affinity for all antigens e. All the above - correct answer a. Epitope binding Which of the following describes an idiotype? a. Different classes of Ig with different functions b. Genetic differences in constant region of Ig between individuals c. Anti-serum capable of binding antigen-binding site on a separate antibody recognizing the same antigen as the anti-serum d. None of the above e. All of the above. - correct answer c. Anti-serum capable of binding antigen-binding site on a separate antibody recognizing the same antigen as the anti-serum Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgG? a. shortest half-life b. used in passive immunization c. needs a body guard (the IgG protection receptor) from endosomes d. capable of precipitation when cross linked with multivalent antigen e. capable of transplacental passage - correct answer a. shortest half-life Which of the following is a characteristic of IgM? a. Smallest immunoglobulin b. produced in the fetus
a. Quicker b. Low magnitude c. Initially, high concentrations of IgG d. Priming immunization e. Non-memory - correct answer a. Quicker The class-specific antigenic determinant (epitopes) of immunoglobulin's are associated with: a. L chains b. J chains c. Disulfide bonds d. H chains - correct answer d. H chains The first immunoglobulin synthesized by the fetus is a. IgA b. IgM c. IgG d. None; the fetus does not synthesize immunoglobulins - correct answer b. IgM Recent approaches of immunization include peptide and DNA vaccines a. True b. False - correct answer a. True What are the requirements for the consequences (agglutination, precipitation, etc?) of antigen-antibody interaction? a. Hapten b. Multi-valent antigen c. At least two antigen binding sites on antibody d. A & B e. A & C
f. B & C - correct answer f. B & C What does NOT cause disassociation of antibody and antigen? a. neutral pH b. low pH c. chaotropic ions d. high salt concentration e. high pH - correct answer a. neutral pH What statement is true concerning avidity? a. IgG and IgM have the same avidity but not affinity b. IgM's avidity is less than IgG c. IgM's avidity is greater than IgG - correct answer c. IgM's avidity is greater than IgG In an agglutination assay, the highest dilution where agglutination occurs is 1:5000 but higher than 1:5000 no agglutination occurs. What is the term used to describe the 1:5000 dilution? a. prozone b. titer c. maximum dilution d. minimum dilution e. zeta dilution - correct answer b. titer What Ig is able to overcome the zeta potential the easiest? a. IgA b. IgB c. IgD d. IgE e. IgG f. IgM - correct answer f. IgM
What technique can localize antigens on microorganisms and tissues? a. immunoabsorption b. immunofluorescence c. B-cell proliferation assay d. Effector cell assays for T-cells e. none of the above - correct answer b. immunofluorescence Which experiment or animal model in mice allows for the manipulation of the human immune system? a. Congenially Athymic (NUDE) mice b. Transgenic mice c. SCID mice d. knockout mice e. chimeric human-mouse antibody technology - correct answer c. SCID mice What is true about mouse monoclonal antibody production? a. it requires the fusion of the mouse myeloma cells with anti-AgX spleen cells b. B-cells clones do not have to be screened for production on anti-AgX c. affinities of the antibodies produced are different d. A & B e. A & C f. B & C g. all of the above - correct answer a. it requires the fusion of the mouse myeloma cells with anti-AgX spleen cells In what way do immunoglobulin differ from other proteins? a. they have a long cytoplasmic tail b. they are not glycosylated c. their genes can rearrange
d. all of the above - correct answer c. their genes can rearrange What gene segments does not make up light chain genes? a. variable b. constant c. joining d. diversity e. none of the above - correct answer d. diversity V(D)J _______ is an enzyme involved in V(D)J gene recombination a. kinase b. protease c. mixase d. recombinase e. switches - correct answer d. recombinase Which of the following is the correct order of heavy chain gene rearrangement? a. VJ --> VJ-C b. VD --> VDC --> VDC-J c. DJ --> VDJ --> VDJ-C d. CJ --> VCJ --> VCJ-D e. DJ --> DJ-C - correct answer c. DJ --> VDJ --> VDJ-C Allelic exclusion is when only one _____ chromosome is used a. parental b. maternal c. paternal d. none of the above - correct answer a. parental
d. mature e. memory - correct answer d. mature Interaction of immature B-cells with self-antigen induces _____ selection. a. positive b. negative c. natural d. self e. none of the above - correct answer b. negative Ig(alpha) and Ig(beta) are signal transduction molecules involved in B-cell activation by phophorylation of ______. a. tyrosine residues b. ITAMS c. threonine residues d. A & B e. B & C - correct answer d. A & B Isotype switching of B-cells is stimulated by CD40 interaction with CD40L on _____. a. another B-cell b. a T-cell c. a macrophage d. all of the above - correct answer b. a T-cell The _____ on a B-cell allows for passage of maternal IgG through the placenta. a. Fc Receptor b. CD c. CD d. B
d. CD81 - correct answer a. Fc Receptor Which of the following is NOT a gene coding for MHC II molecules? a. DP b. DQ c. DR d. DA e. none the above - correct answer d. DA The basis of tissue graft rejection relies on genetic polymorphisms (multiple stable gene forms) of ______ genes. a. MLA b. HLA c. SLA d. LFA - correct answer b. HLA The MHC class _____ molecules is present on all nucleated cells a. I b. II c. III d. IV e. V - correct answer a. I Certain residues in MHC I molecules which are invariant in certain positions are called _____ residues. a. docking b. stable c. anchor d. stringent e. foundational - correct answer c. anchor
c. TAP-1 transporter d. PORE-1 transporter - correct answer c. TAP-1 transporter Which MHC class molecules has small (8-9 aa) fragments produced from cytoplasmic antigen processing? a. I b. II c. neither - correct answer a. I The _____ region on the T-cell receptor forms the binding site for the MHC-peptide complex a. CDR constant b. CDR hypervariable c. CDR joining d. CDR diversity - correct answer b. CDR hypervariable What T-cell surface molecule is present only on T-cells and can be used as a T-cell marker? a. zeta b. eta c. CD d. all the above - correct answer c. CD Which of the following is true concerning the TCR? a. Somatic hypermutation does not occur b. the ϒδ TCR binds peptide in bound to MHC class molecules c. junctional and insertional diversity not as great as in Ig (BCR) d. gene rearrangement does not occur e. all the above - correct answer a. Somatic hypermutation does not occur Which of the following is true concerning T-cell gene rearrangement?
a. α and β gene rearrangement occurs first b. ϒ and α gene rearrangement starts first c. α gene rearrangement begins after pTα down regulation d. β gene rearrangement begins after pTα down regulation - correct answer c. α gene rearrangement begins after pTα down regulation Which of the following is NOT true regarding thymic selection? a. at the end of positive selection CD4+CD8+ T-cells are present b. at the end of negative selection CD4+CD8+ are present c. positive selection results in MHC-restriction of T-cell responses d. negative selection results in MHC-restriction of T-cell response e. A & C f. B & D - correct answer f. B & D Homing regulation of naive T-cells involves adhesion and other cell molecules helping direct naive T-cells into _____. a. lymph nodes b. skin c. infected tissue d. circulation e. all the above - correct answer a. lymph nodes Which of the following is NOT involved in transmitting signals during T-cell activation? a. CD b. zeta c. CD d. LFA e. none of the above - correct answer d. LFA
