Digital Logic: Buffers, Tri-state Buffers, and Transmission Gates, Slides of Digital Logic Design and Programming

This set of lecture notes from dr. D. J. Jackson's ece380 digital logic course covers the topics of buffers, tri-state buffers, and transmission gates. Buffers are used to improve performance when a logic gate needs to drive a large capacitive load, and they have greater fan-out than other logic gates. Tri-state buffers have one input, one output, and one control input, and they can be in three states: driving the value of the input onto the output, completely disconnected from the output, or in a high impedance state. A transmission gate acts as a switch, connecting an input to an output. These concepts are essential in digital electronics and are used in various digital circuits such as multiplexers and xor gates.

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2011/2012

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Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-1Electrical & Computer Engineering
ECE380 Digital Logic
Implementation Technology:
Buffers, Tri-state gates,
Transmission gates
Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-2Electrical & Computer Engineering
Buffers
In circuits where a logic gate has to drive a
large capacitive load, buffers are often used
to improved performance
Buffers can be created with different amounts
of drive capability (depending on the size of
the transistors used to construct them)
Larger transistors => more current handling
capability
A common use of a buffer is to control a light-
emitting diode (LED)
Buffers have greater fan-out than other
(regular) logic gates
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Electrical & Computer Engineering Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-

ECE380 Digital Logic

Implementation Technology:

Buffers, Tri-state gates,

Transmission gates

Buffers

• In circuits where a logic gate has to drive a

large capacitive load, buffers are often used

to improved performance

• Buffers can be created with different amounts

of drive capability (depending on the size of

the transistors used to construct them)

  • Larger transistors => more current handling capability
  • A common use of a buffer is to control a light- emitting diode (LED)

• Buffers have greater fan-out than other

(regular) logic gates

Electrical & Computer Engineering Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-

Buffers

x f

f=x

A non-inverting buffer

x f

f=x’

An inverting buffer

Tri-state Buffers (Gates)

• A tri-state buffer (gate) has

  • One input (x)
  • One output (f)
  • One control input (e)

f=x if e=

A tri-state buffer

x f

e

Electrical & Computer Engineering Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-

Four type of tri-state buffers

• There are four possible configurations of tri-

state buffers

  • based on two types of outputs
    • Inverting and non-inverting outputs
  • and two types of control signals (e)
    • Active high and active low enables

• Active low enables implies the output is

active (f=x) when the enable is low (e=0)

Four type of tri-state buffers

x f

e

x f

e

1 1 1

1 0 0

0 1 Z

0 0 Z

e x f

x f

e

1 1 0

1 0 1

0 1 Z

0 0 Z

e x f

x f

e

1 1 Z

1 0 Z

0 1 1

0 0 0

e x f

1 1 Z

1 0 Z

0 1 0

0 0 1

e x f

Electrical & Computer Engineering Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-

Tri-state buffer application

  • Note the outputs of the tri-state gates are wired together - This is possible only because we know that (in this configuration) one or the other of the tri-state gates will be in the high impedance (Z) state - This type of wired connection is not possible with ordinary logic gates

x 1

s

x 2

f

s x1 x2 f 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1

Transmission gate

  • A transmission gate acts as a switch, connecting an input (x) to an output (f) - Commonly used to implement XOR gate and multiplexer circuits

s’

x (^) f

s

1 x

0 Z

s f

f=x

s=

f=Z

s=

x

x