Understanding Impulse Control Disorders: Types, Signs, Mechanisms, and Treatments, Cheat Sheet of Psychology

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NAME : UROOJ AKBAR

SUBJECT : MENTAL HEALTH

AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

TOPIC : IMPULSE CONTROL

DISORDER

SUBMITTED TO MAM SUNILA

DEPARTMENT OF

PSYCHOLOGY BS 6TH

1)Definition of impulse control

disorder;

• (^) Impulse-control disorder ( ICD ) is a class of

psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity –

failure to resist a temptation, an urge, or an impulse; or

having the inability to not speak on a thought.

Many psychiatric disorders feature impulsivity, including

substance-related disorders, behavioral addictions,

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders,

antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder,

conduct disorder and some mood disorders.

INTERNET ADDICTION;

• (^) Internet addiction
• (^) The disorder of Internet addiction has only recently

been taken into consideration and has been added as a

form of ICD. It is characterized by excessive and

damaging usage of Internet with increased amount of

time spent chatting, web surfing, gambling, shopping or

consuming pornography. Excessive and problematic

Internet use has been reported across all age, social,

economic, and educational ranges.

Compulsive shopping

• (^) Compulsive shopping or buying is characterized by a

frequent irresistible urge to shop even if the purchases

are not needed or cannot be afforded. The prevalence of

compulsive buying in the U.S. has been estimated to be

2–8% of the general adult population, with 80–95% of

these cases being females. The onset is believed to

occur in late teens or early twenties and the disorder is

considered to be generally chronic

Intermittent explosive disorder

INTERNET explosive disorder or IED is a clinical condition

of experiencing recurrent aggressive episodes that are

out of proportion of any given stressor. Earlier studies

reported a prevalence rate between 1–2% in a clinical

setting, however a study done by Coccaro and colleagues

in 2004 had reported about 11.1% lifetime prevalence

and 3.2% one month prevalence in a sample of a

moderate number of individuals (n=253). Based on the

study, Coccaro and colleagues estimated the prevalence

of IED in 1.4 million individuals in the US and 10 million

with lifetime IED.

Kleptomania

Kleptomania is characterized by an impulsive urge to

steal purely for the sake of gratification. In the U.S. the

presence of kleptomania is unknown but has been

estimated at 6 per 1000 individuals. Kleptomania is also

thought to be the cause of 5% of annual shoplifting in the

U.S. If true, 100,000 arrests are made in the U.S. annually

due to kleptomaniac behavior

4)MECHANISM

• (^) Dysfunction of the striatum may prove to be the link between OCD, ICD and SUD. According to research, the 'impulsiveness' that occurs in the later stages of OCD is caused by progressive dysfunction of the ventral striatal circuit. Whereas in case of ICD and SUD, the increased dysfunction of dorsal striatal circuit increases the "ICD and SUD behaviours that are driven by the compulsive processes".OCD and ICD have traditionally been viewed as two very different disorders, the former one is generally driven by the desire to avoid harm whereas the latter one driven "by reward-seeking behaviour". Still, there are certain behaviors similar in both, for example the compulsive actions of ICD patients and the behavior of reward- seeking (for example hoarding) in OCD patients.

5) TREATMENT

• (^) Impulse-control disorders have two treatment options:

psychosocial and pharmacological.Treatment

methodology is informed by the presence of comorbid

conditions.

TREATMENT for impulse control disorder being a psychologist

• (^) Psychosocial
• (^) The psychosocial approach to the treatment of ICDs includes cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) which has been reported to have positive results in the case of treatment of pathological gambling and sexual addiction. There is general consensus that cognitive-behavioural therapies offer an effective intervention model.[16]
• Pathological gambling
• (^) Systematic desensitization, aversive therapy, covert sensitization, imaginal desensitization, and stimulus control have been proven to be successful in the treatments to the problems of pathological gambling. Also, "cognitive techniques such as psychoeducation, cognitive-restructuring, and relapse prevention" have proven to be effective in the treatments of such cases.[16] PyromaniaPyromania is harder to control in adults due to lack of co-operation; however, CBT is effective in treating child pyromaniacs. (Frey 2001)Intermittent explosive disorderAlong with several other methods of treatments, cognitive behavioural therapy has also shown to be effective in the case of Intermittent explosive disorder as well. Cognitive Relaxation and Coping Skills Therapy (CRCST), which consists of 12 sessions starting first with the relaxation training followed by cognitive restructuring, then exposure therapy is taken. Later, the focus is on resisting aggressive impulses and taking other preventative measures.[ citation needed ]KleptomaniaIn the case of kleptomania, the cognitive behaviour techniques used in these cases consists of covert sensitization, imaginal desensitization, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, relaxation training, and "alternative sources of satisfaction".[16]Compulsive buyingAlthough compulsive buying falls under the category of Impulse-control disorder – Not Otherwise Specified in the DSM-IV-TR, some researchers have suggested that it consists of core features that represent impulse-control disorders which includes preceding tension, difficult to resist urges and relief or pleasure after action. The efficiency of cognitive behavior therapy for compulsive buying is not truly determined yet; however, common techniques for the treatment include exposure and response prevention, relapse prevention, cognitive restructuring, covert sensitization, and stimulus control.[16]