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IMU-CET - INDIAN MARITIME UNIVERSITY COMMON ENTRANCE TEST
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Imu-cet Indian maritime university common entrance test. Physics Most important subject for imu-cet. 12th class syllabus Primary source for imu-cet questions. 11th class mechanics Critical section for foundational physics concepts. Electricity Key topic from 12th class syllabus. Magnetism Essential part of 12th class physics. Semiconductors Focus area in 12th class physics. Basic concepts Most questions are based on fundamental principles. Formula-based questions Questions require application of physics formulas. Ncert books Recommended for theory reference in physics. Work done Energy transferred when a force moves an object. Acceleration equation A = 3t + 4 describes motion over time. Velocity component Horizontal velocity remains constant at maximum height. Kinetic energy at highest point Kinetic energy decreases to k/4 at peak. Moment of inertia Resistance of an object to rotational motion. Collision energy loss Energy lost during inelastic collision of masses. Explosive fragmentation Conservation of momentum applies during explosions.
Work by gravity Negative work done when moving against gravity. Force of impact Calculated using mass and velocity change. Kinetic energy formula Ke = 1/2 mv² calculates energy of motion. Projectile motion Motion of an object thrown into the air. Thermodynamics Study of heat and energy transfer. Kinetic theory of gases Explains gas behavior based on particle motion. Force of blow Force exerted by ball on hand, 30 n. Mass of ball Mass of the ball thrown, 0.2 kg. Height of ball Total height reached by ball, 2.2 m. Force applied Magnitude of force applied, 20 n. Acceleration due to gravity Standard gravity, 10 m/s². Maximum velocity Peak velocity in simple harmonic motion, 4.4 m/s. Amplitude Maximum displacement in shm, 7 mm. Period of oscillation Time for one complete cycle, 0.01 s. Work done Energy transferred when rolling vs lifting. Light year Unit of distance light travels in one year. Identical dimensions Physical quantities sharing the same dimensional formula. Momentum Product of mass and velocity of an object. Scalar quantity Physical quantity with magnitude only, e.g., pressure. Friction on sand Higher friction makes walking difficult on sand.
Safe speed Maximum speed without losing traction on a curve. Cream separator Device using centrifugal force to separate cream from milk. Angle of banking Tilt angle of a road curve for safety. Density Mass per unit volume of a substance. Observer speed Speed of an observer relative to another object. Velocity Speed with direction; changes in circular motion. Acceleration Rate of change of velocity over time. Height Vertical distance from a reference point. Radius of curvature Radius of the circular path of motion. Work done Force applied over a distance in the direction of force. Apparent frequency Frequency perceived by an observer due to motion. Velocity of sound Speed at which sound travels through a medium. Massless string String with negligible mass affecting motion dynamics. Total external force Sum of forces acting on a system. Constant acceleration Uniform change in velocity over time. Displacement increase percentage Change in distance covered during specific time intervals. Maximum height Highest point reached by an object after projection. Revolutions of wheel Number of complete turns made by a wheel. Terminal velocity Constant speed reached by an object falling through fluid. Conservation of momentum Total momentum remains constant in an isolated system.
Heat generation Energy produced during inelastic collision processes. Resultant force Combined effect of multiple forces acting on an object. Equilibrium condition State where all forces acting on an object balance. Tension in rope Force exerted by a rope when supporting weight. Barge movement direction Path taken by a barge under equal tension forces. Vertical projection Motion of an object thrown upwards against gravity. Horizontal projection Motion of an object thrown parallel to the ground. Pulley system Device using a wheel to change direction of force. Spherical ball dynamics Behavior of a ball rolling down an incline. Initial velocity Speed of an object before any acceleration occurs. Force of gravity Attractive force between two masses due to gravity. Mass ratio effect Influence of mass differences on motion outcomes. Fluid density Mass per unit volume of a fluid affecting buoyancy. Resultant force Net force acting on an object. Static equilibrium Object at rest with no net force. Dynamic equilibrium Object moves at constant speed with no net force. Force of friction Opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. Limiting force of friction Maximum friction before motion begins. Coefficient of friction Ratio of limiting friction to normal force. Normal reaction Force perpendicular to the contact surface.
Displacement Change in position from start to end. Velocity Displacement per unit time. Free fall Motion under the influence of gravity only. Height of release Vertical distance from which an object falls. Kinematic equation Mathematical formula relating motion variables. Initial velocity Velocity of an object at the start. Final velocity Velocity of an object at the end. Time interval Duration between two events. Distance in fifth second Distance covered during the fifth second of motion. Ratio of speeds Comparison of two different speeds. Vertical projection Object thrown upward against gravity. Constant acceleration Acceleration that remains the same over time. Distance formula S = ut + 1/2 at². Height calculation Using time and gravity to find height. Angle of displacement Angle covered during circular motion. Mass ratio Comparison of two masses affecting fall time. Glass plate height Height from which a falling object drops. Total distance travelled Distance stone travels under gravity, 140 m. Velocity of ball Decreases when thrown upward, due to gravity. Stopping distance Increases with the square of velocity.
Displacement with acceleration Displacement formula: s = ut + 1/2 at². Velocity at maximum height Velocity is 0, acceleration is - g. Vector addition C = a + b, a = b = c. Resultant vector maximum Occurs when vectors act in same direction. Resultant vector limits Magnitude between |a-b| and |a+b|. Forces resultant impossibility Cannot be ½ n with given forces. Vector operation A + b is perpendicular to a. Dot product zero condition Vectors are perpendicular or one is zero. Cross product zero condition Vectors are parallel or one is zero. Angle between vectors Angle can be 0 or 60 degrees. Magnitude of cross product Zero if vectors are parallel. Angle between (i+j) and z-axis Angle is 90 degrees. Perpendicular vectors condition Dot product equals zero. Relative velocity same direction Difference in speeds for relative velocity. Relative velocity opposite direction Sum of speeds for relative velocity. Time of crossing trains Time calculated from combined lengths and speeds. Acceleration definition Rate of change of velocity over time. Displacement equation Y = t² - 5t + 5 for velocity. Vector magnitude relationship Magnitude of resultant vector defined by components. Relative velocity Velocity of particles in different frames.
Angular velocity Rate of change of angular position. Tension Force transmitted through a string or wire. Breaking tension Maximum tension a string can withstand. Acceleration due to gravity Rate of acceleration towards earth, 9.8 m/s². Conservation of momentum Total momentum remains constant in closed systems. Contact time Duration of interaction between two objects. Frictional force Force opposing motion between surfaces in contact. Constant velocity Speed and direction remain unchanged. Force required to stop Force needed to bring an object to rest. Coefficient of friction Ratio of frictional force to normal force. Potential energy Stored energy due to position or configuration. Newton's third law For every action, there is an equal opposite reaction. Rope tension Force exerted by a rope under load. Energy from explosion Energy released during an explosive reaction. Maximum angular velocity Highest rotational speed before breaking tension. Average acceleration Change in velocity over time. Force in opposite direction Force applied to counteract motion. Minimum radius of turn Smallest radius for safe turning at speed. Spring balance reading Weight measurement using a spring mechanism. Monkey's mass 30 kg mass climbing a rope.
Acceleration due to gravity G = 10 m/s² used in calculations. Constant speed Velocity remains unchanged during motion. Constant acceleration Velocity changes at a steady rate. Velocity calculation Final velocity after applying force for time. Force applied 12 n force applied perpendicular to motion. Mass ratio Comparison of two bodies' mass effects. Pendulum angle 4 degrees from vertical indicates train's acceleration. Collision impact Car and truck collision with velocity changes. Work done Energy required to move an object. Inclined plane Surface tilted at an angle affecting work. Kinetic energy Energy of motion, calculated from mass and velocity. Spring constant Measure of spring stiffness, denoted as k. Potential energy Energy stored in an object due to position. Chain length Total length of a uniform chain. Hanging chain mass Mass of chain segment hanging off a table. Force angle Angle at which force is applied to an object. Velocity after collision Speed of truck post-collision with car. Work calculation Formula to determine work done on an object. Extension of spring Increase in length when a mass is hung. Horizontal force Force required to displace a suspended mass.
Momentum of two bodies Combined momentum of two interacting objects. Energy of fragments Total energy possessed by parts after an explosion. Constant acceleration Motion with unchanging velocity increase over time. Power Rate of doing work or energy transfer. Coefficient of restitution Ratio of relative velocities after and before collision. Elastic collision Collision conserving both momentum and kinetic energy. Inelastic collision Collision conserving momentum but not kinetic energy. Efficiency Ratio of useful work output to total energy input. Escape velocity Minimum speed to break free from gravitational pull. Gravitational force Attraction between two masses due to gravity. Power delivered Proportional to force and velocity of the object. Energy loss Difference in energy before and after an event. Height climbed Vertical distance gained using energy provided. Mass of water Amount of water measured in kilograms. Velocity Speed of an object in a specific direction. Height of rebound Maximum vertical distance after bouncing. Bullets fired Rate of bullets discharged from a gun. Mass of monkey Weight of the monkey affecting its energy use. Distance walked Total length traveled by the ******. Loss of velocity Reduction in speed after bouncing or colliding.
Energy conservation Principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Mass ratio Comparison of two masses in a collision. Gravitational force Attractive force between two masses at all distances. Value of 'g' Acceleration due to gravity, decreases towards earth's center. Weight on earth Force acting on a mass due to gravity. Newton's law of gravitation Applies to all bodies, regardless of size. Gravitational potential energy Energy due to mass, height, and gravity. Kinetic energy of satellite Energy due to motion in orbit. Potential energy of satellite Energy due to position in gravitational field. Total energy of satellite Sum of kinetic and potential energy in orbit. Gravitational attraction Force causing bodies to pull towards each other. Mass ratio for max force Equal masses yield maximum gravitational force. Elliptical orbit Path of a planet around the sun. Angular momentum Quantity conserved in planetary motion around the sun. Force reduction by distance Force decreases with the square of distance increase. Gravitational force halving Force becomes one-fourth if masses are halved. Tides Caused by gravitational pull of the moon. Motion of moon Influenced by earth's gravitational force. Acceleration of masses Depends on mass ratios in mutual attraction. Force at distance increase Force diminishes as distance increases.
Simple pendulum period Time taken for one complete oscillation. Gravitational force dependence Does not depend on sum of masses. Equatorial vs polar weight Weight decreases at equator, unchanged at poles. Gravitational force and distance Force inversely proportional to square of distance. Satellite behavior without gravity Moves tangentially to original orbit if gravity disappears. Simple pendulum time period 0 seconds on a freely moving satellite. Weight on different planet 700g on earth equals 400g on a smaller planet. Earth's rotation effect Weight decreases at equator, unchanged at poles. Moon's gravity G/5 at the moon's surface compared to earth. Gravitational acceleration on small planet 0.2 radius results in 0.2g acceleration. Mass on moon Mass remains m, unchanged from earth. Weight at height r/ 72n weight becomes 32n at height r/2. Height for g reduction G becomes one-fourth at height r. Gravity on smaller planet G equals 0.49 m/s² on the smaller planet. Gravitational acceleration below surface 9.66 m/s² at 100 km below earth's surface. Weight below earth's surface 500n weight becomes 1250n halfway down. Maximum weight location Weight is maximum at earth's poles. Gravity at half surface G is half at distance 1.414r from center. Gravity proportionality G proportional to density d and radius r. Radius of new planet Radius is r/2 if density is doubled.
Gravity with doubled density Acceleration becomes 19.6 m/s² with doubled density. Weight with increased density Weight doubles with fourfold density increase. Satellite gravitational pull 890n pull on satellite with radius 3r/2. Gravity at distance 2r Acceleration is g/9 at distance 2r from surface. Earth's density and radius Density increase affects gravitational acceleration. Gravitational acceleration formula G = gm/r², where g is gravitational constant. Height for weight reduction Height where weight is 1/16th of earth's weight. Gravitational potential zero Gravitational field is not necessarily zero. Rocket launch velocity Initial velocity required for rocket launch is 10 km/s. Maximum height from earth Maximum height attained is 4r for rocket. Half escape velocity projection Maximum height reached is r/3 when projected. Escape velocity from earth Escape velocity is approximately 11.2 km/s. Planet with double gravity Escape velocity is 22.4 km/s on this planet. Energy for orbital movement Energy to move from 2r to 3r is gmm/6r. Escape velocity from larger planet Escape velocity is 22 km/s for larger planet. Escape velocity formula Escape velocity is √2gr for earth. Escape velocity approximation Escape velocity from earth is about 11 km/s. Satellite velocity relation Satellite velocity is half escape velocity. Height of satellite Height of satellite is 6400 km from earth. Escape velocity relation to mass Escape velocity does not depend on projectile's mass.
Orbital height Distance of satellite above the planet's surface. Satellite speed variation Speed changes based on proximity to the planet. Energy ratios Comparative values of kinetic and potential energy. Gravitational attraction Force exerted by earth on the satellite. Satellite mass Mass of the satellite does not affect orbital speed. Normal force Force exerted by a surface to support weight. Satellite distance from earth Distance from earth's center to satellite's orbit. Artificial satellite Man-made object placed in orbit around earth. Free-fall condition State where objects fall under gravity without resistance. Velocity for low orbit Approximately 8 km/s for satellites near earth's surface. Eastward rocket launch Utilizes earth's rotation for efficiency. Satellite period relation T proportional to radius raised to 3/2. Satellite radius comparison Period of radius 4r is 8t. Earth-sun distance effect Year duration reduces to 1/8 at ¼ distance. Jupiter's orbital speed Less than earth's orbital speed. Planetary revolution period Distance ratio is 4 for 8 times period. Earth-sun distance doubling New period becomes 2√2 years. Planetary orbit radius Time period is 5.6 years for double radius. Equipotential surface angle Angle is 90° to electric field lines. Wire resistance ratio Resistance ratio of wires is 16:1.
Resistance of drawn wire New resistance is 45Ω when length triples. Maximum power condition External resistance equals internal resistance for max power. Rms current value Maximum potential difference is 1969.68v. Thermal conductivity in series Combined thermal conductivity is 3.43 units. Electrons in charge 2 coulombs contains 12.5 × 10^18 electrons. Charge flow calculation Charge from i=3t²+2t+5 over 2 seconds is 22c. Capacitor charge increase Original charge is 20c for 21% energy increase. Electric dipole in field Experiences torque and translational force in field. Material resistance comparison Length ratio must be 2 for equal resistance. Metal conductivity Good conductors due to presence of free electrons. Conductors Materials allowing free electron movement for electricity. Electrical potential The potential energy per unit charge at a point. Overloading Exceeding the safe current limit in electrical circuits. Capacitance Ability of a capacitor to store charge per voltage. Series connection Components connected end-to-end, sharing the same current. Energy stored in capacitors Calculated as 0.5 c v². Electric flux The quantity of electric field passing through a surface. Full scale deflection Maximum reading on a measuring instrument like a galvanometer. Internal resistance Resistance within a device affecting its performance. Potential difference Voltage across components in an electrical circuit.
