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INDIANA SOFTWARE DEVELOPER CERTIFICATION
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) Q&A 2026|INSTANT
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1. Which of the following is NOT a programming paradigm? A. Object-Oriented Programming B. Functional Programming C. Procedural Programming D. Linear Hardware Programming Rationale: Programming paradigms define styles of programming. Object-oriented, functional, and procedural are valid paradigms. “Linear Hardware Programming” is not a recognized paradigm. Correct Answer: D 2. What does CPU stand for? A. Central Process Unit B. Central Processing Unit C. Computer Personal Unit D. Central Program Utility
Rationale: CPU is the main processing component of a computer system. Correct Answer: B
3. Which data structure uses FIFO (First In First Out)? A. Stack B. Queue C. Tree D. Graph Rationale: A queue processes elements in the order they arrive. Correct Answer: B 4. Which of the following is a compiled language? A. Python B. JavaScript C. C++ D. HTML Rationale: C++ is typically compiled into machine code before execution. Correct Answer: C 5. What is the primary purpose of version control systems?
8. What does HTTP stand for? A. HyperText Transfer Protocol B. High Transfer Text Protocol C. Hyperlink Transmission Process D. HyperText Transaction Program Rationale: HTTP is used for communication on the web. Correct Answer: A 9. Which of the following is a frontend technology? A. Node.js B. React C. Django D. MySQL Rationale: React is used for building user interfaces. Correct Answer: B 10. What is the output of binary 1010 in decimal? A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 12
Rationale: 1010₂ equals 10₁₀. Correct Answer: C
11. Which keyword is used to define a function in Python? A. func B. define C. def D. function Rationale: Python uses def to define functions. Correct Answer: C 12. Which of the following is an example of an operating system? A. Chrome B. Windows 11 C. Microsoft Word D. Oracle Rationale: Windows 11 is an OS, while others are applications or software tools. Correct Answer: B 13. What is polymorphism in programming?
Rationale: APIs allow communication between software systems. Correct Answer: A
16. Which protocol is used to send emails? A. FTP B. SMTP C. HTTP D. TCP Rationale: SMTP is used for sending email messages. Correct Answer: B 17. Which of the following is a NoSQL database? A. MySQL B. PostgreSQL C. MongoDB D. Oracle Rationale: MongoDB is a document-based NoSQL database. Correct Answer: C 18. What is the time complexity of binary search? A. O(n) B. O(log n)
C. O(n²) D. O(1) Rationale: Binary search divides the search space in half each step. Correct Answer: B
19. Which symbol is used for comments in Python? A. // B. C. # D. ** Rationale: Python uses # for single-line comments. Correct Answer: C 20. What is encapsulation in OOP? A. Hiding data and restricting access B. Inheriting classes C. Overloading functions D. Compiling code Rationale: Encapsulation protects data within classes. Correct Answer: A 21. Which of the following is NOT a cloud service model?
24. What is recursion? A. Loop inside a loop B. Function calling itself C. Database query D. Memory storage method Rationale: Recursion occurs when a function calls itself. Correct Answer: B 25. Which of the following is a strongly typed language? A. Java B. JavaScript C. PHP D. HTML Rationale: Java enforces strict type rules. Correct Answer: A 26. What does IDE stand for? A. Internal Development Environment B. Integrated Development Environment C. Intelligent Data Engine D. Integrated Design Element Rationale: IDEs provide tools for software development. Correct Answer: B
27. Which data structure uses LIFO principle? A. Queue B. Array C. Stack D. Graph Rationale: Stack follows Last In First Out. Correct Answer: C 28. What is the main purpose of an algorithm? A. Store data B. Execute hardware C. Solve problems step-by-step D. Compile programs Rationale: Algorithms define logical steps to solve problems. Correct Answer: C 29. Which of the following is NOT a web browser? A. Chrome B. Firefox C. Linux D. Edge
Rationale: “repeat-until-catch” is not a valid loop structure. Correct Answer: D
33. What does RAM stand for? A. Random Access Memory B. Read Active Memory C. Run Access Module D. Rapid Application Memory Rationale: RAM is temporary memory used by running programs. Correct Answer: A 34. Which of the following is used for styling web pages? A. HTML B. Python C. CSS D. SQL Rationale: CSS controls layout and visual presentation. Correct Answer: C 35. What is the main function of an operating system? A. Compile code B. Manage hardware and software resources
C. Design websites D. Store databases only Rationale: OS manages system resources and processes. Correct Answer: B
36. What is a primary key in a database? A. A duplicate field B. A unique identifier for records C. A password field D. A foreign server key Rationale: Primary keys uniquely identify each record in a table. Correct Answer: B 37. Which language is used for Android app development (officially)? A. Swift B. Kotlin C. Ruby D. C Rationale: Kotlin is the modern official language for Android. Correct Answer: B
41. What is debugging primarily used for? A. Writing new features B. Fixing software errors C. Encrypting files D. Running servers Rationale: Debugging identifies and resolves errors. Correct Answer: B 42. Which of the following is NOT a cloud provider? A. AWS B. Azure C. Google Cloud D. Linux Cloud OS Rationale: “Linux Cloud OS” is not a cloud provider. Correct Answer: D 43. What is an array? A. A single variable B. A collection of elements stored in a sequence C. A database system D. A programming language
Rationale: Arrays store multiple values in a single structure. Correct Answer: B
44. What does DNS stand for? A. Data Network System B. Domain Name System C. Digital Network Server D. Domain Node Service Rationale: DNS translates domain names into IP addresses. Correct Answer: B 45. Which of the following is a NoSQL database? A. SQLite B. MongoDB C. Oracle D. SQL Server Rationale: MongoDB is document-based NoSQL. Correct Answer: B 46. What is the purpose of Git? A. Web browsing B. Version control
A. 101
B. 110
C. 111
D. 100
Rationale: 5 in binary is 101. Correct Answer: A
50. Which of the following is a scripting language? A. C B. C++ C. JavaScript D. Assembly Rationale: JavaScript is commonly used for scripting web pages. Correct Answer: C 51. What is a foreign key? A. A unique identifier in the same table B. A link between two tables C. A password field D. A programming variable Rationale: Foreign keys connect relational tables. Correct Answer: B
52. Which sorting algorithm is simplest but inefficient? A. Merge Sort B. Quick Sort C. Bubble Sort D. Heap Sort Rationale: Bubble sort is simple but slow. Correct Answer: C
53. What does UI stand for? A. Universal Interface B. User Input C. User Interface D. Unified Integration Rationale: UI is how users interact with software. Correct Answer: C 54. What is an IP address? A. A programming language B. A unique network identifier C. A file type D. A database key Rationale: IP addresses identify devices on networks. Correct Answer: B
