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Quantity Statements Quantity statements indicate the quantity of an item. Quantity terms can be particularly tricky on logical reasoning questions. All, every, each Every single one, every member of the group. Most More than half Many, some At least one, could be all Few Less than half, could be none A few More than one None Not a single one Never Not ever What is the meaning of the following quantity statement? All fish live in water. Every single fish lives in water. There is no fish that doesn't live in water. What is the meaning of the following quantity statement? Some fish live in aquariums. At least one fish lives in an aquarium. It could be lots of fish, or it could be just one. What is the meaning of the following quantity statement? Many people say that chocolate is their favorite flavor. At least one person says that chocolate is his or her favorite flavor. It could be lots of people, or it could be just one.
What is the meaning of the following quantity statement? A few of Mr. Elkins' students are going to Europe for the summer. More than one of Mr. Elkins' students are going to Europe for the summer. What is the meaning of the following quantity statement? Very few of Mr. Elkins' students are working summer jobs. Less than half of Mr. Elkins' students are working summer jobs. What is the meaning of the following quantity statement? People who are allergic to milk never eat chocolate. Every single person who is allergic to milk does not ever eat chocolate. If the first statement below is true, must the second statement also be true? (1) People who are allergic to milk never eat chocolate (2) People who never eat chocolate are allergic to milk. No. The first statement indicates that people who are allergic to milk never eat chocolate, but that doesn't have to be the only reason for people not to eat chocolate. Are the two statements below compatible? Can both be true? (1) Few cats become friends with mice (2) No cats become friends with mice. Yes. Few may mean "none," so both statements could be true. Are the two statements below compatible? Can both be true? (1) Law students study at least five nights a week (2) Law students study every night. Yes. At least five means "five or more." Every night is more than five, so the statements are compatible. Are the two statements below compatible? Can both be true? (1) most law students pass the bar (2) Few law students pass the bar. No. The first statement indicates that more than half of all law students pass the bar. The second statement indicates that fewer than half of all law students pass the bar. The two statements are mutually exclusive. If the first statement below is true, must the second statement also be true? (1) A recent study showed that many women take hormone therapy during menopause (2) A recent study showed that some women take hormone therapy during menopause. Yes. Both statements indicate that at least one woman takes hormone therapy during menopause. Many and some are equivalent terms on the LSAT. Identify the difference between the following two answer choices (1) The naked mole rat used in the experiment did not differ significantly from others of its species in its ability to metabolize fructose (2) The naked mole rat used in the experiment had the same ability to metabolize fructose as the other members of its species had. Choice A states that the naked mole rat did not differ significantly from other members of its species, which doesn't mean that it did not differ at all. Choice B states that it was the same as other members of its species. Identify the difference between the following two answer choices (1) Sergeant Haley was more observant of details than most of his fellow officers (2) Sergeant Haley had a better memory for details than most of his fellow officers. Choice A states that Sergeant Haley was more observant, while Choice B states that he had a better memory. These are not the same. Identify the difference between the following two answer choices (1) A person's best interests in the short term usually conflict with the most ethically sound action for that
What would be the most logical completion to the following passage? Houses near the lake that are built on stilts sustain far less damage when the lake floods. When Nelda built her new house on the lake, she built it on stilts so that ______________________________. The passage should end with a statement like "her house will not sustain much damage when the lake floods." What would be the most logical completion to the following passage? The amount of new construction in a city is the strongest indicator of the economic health of that city. Construction in Market City is up 20% over last year. This indicates that _________________________. The passage should end with a statement like "the economic health of Market City is improving." What would be the most logical completion to the following passage? Teaching children to read before they start school may significantly improve their later performance, yet if they are taught to read before they are ready for the subtleties of language, they may develop an aversion to reading. Therefore, if parents are going to teach their children to read before they start school, they must __________________________. The passage should end with a statement like "be certain that their children are ready for the subtleties of language." Based on the following passage, what must be true? The only store in Bay City that sells pink peppercorns is Gourmet Junction. All the pink peppercorns at Gourmet Junction are on sale at 20% off. All the pink peppercorns in Bay City must be on sale at 20% off. Based on the following passage, what must be true? The professor told her first class that she would play two pieces of music: the first written by a famous composer and the second written by a student. After she played the pieces, the class ranked the first composition better than the second. She then told her next class that the first was by a student, and the second was by a famous composer. This time, the class ranked the second composition better than the first. Some of the students must have been influenced by what they were told about the composers of the works. Based on the following passage, what must be true? Ten Certified Public Accountants and 10 business school students were given the same set of figures to average by hand. Eight of the business school students averaged correctly, while only seven of the Certified Public Accountants averaged correctly. Having a professional certification as a Certified Public Accountant or being a business school student is no guarantee that a person can average numbers correctly by hand. Based on the following passage, what must be true? Chef: The amount of time it takes to cook chopped vegetables depends on the size of the pieces. Large pieces require more time, and small pieces require less time. Overcooking chopped vegetables strips them of many of their nutrients. Undercooking the vegetables may make them difficult to chew. The chef believes that in order to cook chopped vegetables properly, the pieces must be of similar size.
Based on the following passage, what must be true? For many years, scientists thought that all multicellular living organisms needed oxygen in order to survive. Recently, however, a multicellular organism of the phylum Loricifera has been discovered living deep in the Mediterranean Sea where there is a complete lack of oxygen. Scientists were wrong. At least one multicellular living organism does not need oxygen in order to survive. Based on the following passage, what must be true? Vicky's Vines only stocks two types of fortified wines: port and sherry. Bruce buys fortified wines only from Vicky's Vines. The fortified wine he served after dinner at his last party was too sweet to have been sherry. Either Bruce served port at the party or the author is unable to discern the relative sweetness of the two types of fortified wine. Based on the following passage, which answer choice can be inferred? Most talented actors are eccentric, but some non-eccentric actors are talented. All eccentric actors are talented. (1) Some talented actors are non-eccentric (2) Some actors are neither eccentric nor talented. Choice A can be properly inferred from the passage. Choice B may seem logical, and it could be true, but you are concerned with what must be true. It is possible, based on the information in the passage, that all non-eccentric actors are talented. Based on the following passage, what must be true? Nearly every advance in developing genetically modified food has given rise to ethical questions. Either government or corporate funding is necessary for research into developing genetically modified food. Any research into developing genetically modified food that is not funded by the government is funded by large corporations. All ethical questions arising from the development of genetically modified food come from research funded by the government or by large corporations. Based on the following passage, what must be true? A recent shipment of young banana trees from Ecuador has increased the supply of banana trees in Florida so that many more people can afford one. Buyers should be aware that banana trees sprouted in Ecuador are especially prone to a fungus that prevents them from bearing fruit. Some banana trees sprouted in Florida also have this fungus, but it is much more prevalent in trees sprouted in Ecuador. Some banana trees sprouted in Ecuador will not bear fruit and some banana trees sprouted in Florida will not bear fruit. Based on the following passage, what must be true? All frogs are susceptible to dehydration due to their permeable skin. Large frogs have less skin surface area for their volume than small frogs and therefore are better able to withstand a moderately arid climate. Small frogs cannot survive in arid climates. The island of Mansuar is arid in the south and covered in rain forest in the north. If there are frogs on Mansuar, small ones can survive only in the north. Based on the following passage, what must be true? Most literary texts in England that were composed between 1150 and 1250 were composed for reading by the upper class or nobility and therefore were written in French.
