Data as New Oil of Present Era
- was estimated that organizations and
business entities around the world
generate about 44 zettabytes of data at
the beginning of 2020
- 2025 = 463 exabytes that would be
created every 24 hours worldwide
- data and information are indeed valuable
assets in any organization
Manual Filling System
- earliest form of organizing files is with a
filing cabinet where vital records were
usually kept and secured with a lock
- operations required are simple storage
and retrieval of files
- information stored needs to be processed
and have to cross-reference
File Processing System
- was the earliest attempt to data processing
using a computer system
- files were created to hold the
organization's information
- data are stored in a set of computer files,
which do not have a relationship to other
files, defined and managed by different
application programs
- stored data in the form of files
- several application programs are written to
add, delete, update, and retrieve data to
and from appropriate files
- Limitations: limited data sharing, data
redundancy, data inconsistency, metadata
inconsistency, and data integrity issue
Big Data
- World Economic Forum: beginning of 2020
= the # of bytes in the digital universe =
40x more than the # of stars in the
observable universe
- everyday 2023 = 328.77 million terabytes
of data are created
- April 2023 = total # of internet users
worldwide reached 5.18 billion (approx
64.6% of the global population)
Information Management
- analyzing DB requirements
- gathering & selecting info
- designing appropriate DB structure
- managing info by implementing DB w/in
the context of IS dev’t
Benefits of IM:
1. greater investment return on the
implemented information resources
2. easy information exchange
3. effective business operations support
through information system integration
4. adherence to standards
5. pattern extraction to support planning and
forecasting
Data
- any raw facts or concepts
- usually useless in their natural form
because the meaning that they imply is
vague
Information
- once data that have been processed so as
the meaning would be consistent and be
vividly understood by those who use them
organizing them
presenting them in a given context
summarizing them
presenting them for human interpretation
in the form of a graph
Metadata
- information that describes the
characteristics or properties (data
definition, data structures, rules, and
constraints) of the database's data
Database
- a collection of interrelated data and
information
- organized in such a way that it allows easy
storage, manipulation, and retrieval of
information
- accessible and manipulated by a group of
users, are built to hold data for specific
purposes
DBMS (Database Management System)
- a software package that allows users to
design, create, access, maintain,
manipulate, and retrieve data and
information
- SQLite, Microsoft SQServer, Oracle,
PosgreSQL, MySQL, IBM Db2, Microsoft
Access, Firebird
- performs several functions, including
storing, modifying, retrieving, and
protecting data from unauthorized
modification and possible damages.
Microsoft Access
- allows users to perform database
applications such as adding new records,
modifying, and deleting records from
databases
Database Operations
1. Create
- add new records to tables
2. Read
- retrieving contents of tables
3. Update
- modifying contents of tables
4. Delete
- removing records from tables
Hierarchy of Data
1. Database
- a collection of interrelated data files or
tables
2. Files
