Computer Fundamentals: Information Representation and Primary Components, Slides of Computer Science

Download Computer Fundamentals: Information Representation and Primary Components and more Slides Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity!

TOPICS

• Information Representation
• Characters and Images
• Fundamentals of Digital Computer Design

Information Representation

• All information must be rendered into binary in order to be stored on a computer.
• Besides numbers, almost all applications must store characters and string information.
• Images are pervasive in today’s internet world and must be rendered in binary to be handled by internet browsers.

ASCII

• ASCII
• Expanded name American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• Area covered 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
• Characteristics/description Specifies coding of space and a set of 94 characters (letters, digits and punctuation or mathematical symbols) suitable for the interchange of basic English language documents. Forms the basis for most computer code sets

EBCDIC

• EBCDIC

• Expanded name Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
• Proprietary specification developed by IBM
• Characteristics/description A set of national character sets for interchange of documents between IBM mainframes. Most EBCDIC character sets do not contain all of the characters defined in the ASCII code

UNICODE

Unicode can represent all of the world's characters in modern computer use, including technical symbols and special characters used in publishing. Because each Unicode code value is 16 bits wide, it is possible to have separate values for up to 65,536 characters. Unicode-enabled functions are often referred to as "wide-character" functions.

UNICODE

Note that the implementation of Unicode in 16-bit values is referred to as UTF-16. For compatibility with 8- and 7-bit environments, UTF-8 and UTF- 7 are two transformations of 16-bit Unicode values. For more information, see The Unicode Standard, Version 2.0.

Printer (output)

Monitor (output)

Speaker (output)

Scanner (input)

Mouse Keyboard (input) (input)

System unit (processor, memory…)

Storage devices (CD-RW, Floppy, Hard disk, zip,…)

Devices that comprise a

computer system

What does a Computer Do?

• Computers can perform four general operations, which comprise the information processing cycle.
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Storage

What are the Primary

Components?

Input devices.

• Keyboard.
• Mouse

What are the Primary

Components?

Keyboard.

• The most commonly used input device is the keyboard on which data is entered by manually keying in or typing certain keys. A keyboard typically has 101 or 105 keys.

What are the Primary

Components?

The Central Processing Unit

• The central processing unit (CPU) contains electronic circuits that cause processing to occur. The CPU interprets instructions to the computer, performs the logical and arithmetic processing operations, and causes the input and output operations to occur. It is considered the “brain” of the computer.

What are the Primary

Components?

Memory

• Memory also called Random Access Memory or RAM (temporary memory) is the main memory of the computer. It consists of electronic components that store data including numbers, letters of the alphabet, graphics and sound. Any information stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.

What are the Primary

Components?

Out Put Devices

• Output devices make the information resulting from the processing available for use. The two output devices more commonly used are the printer and the computer screen.
• The printer produces a hard copy of your output, and the computer screen produces a soft copy of your output.