Download Information Systems and Computer Technology and more Exams Italian literature in PDF only on Docsity!
IT D322 Exam Questions and 100% Complete Answers.
Key Components - Correct Answer Hardware, Software, Data Information Technology - Correct Answer The technology used in creating, maintaining, and making information accessible Information System - Correct Answer Takes in raw data entered by a user or acquired from a data source or sources (input), deliberately transforms the data into information (process), and provides the results of the transformation to the user (output) IT department in an organization - Correct Answer IT is responsible for the storage, processing, and distribution of information. Networks - Correct Answer Organization servers and give employees access to the resources, the data, and the exchange of networks. Infrastructure - Correct Answer The system of hardware, software, facilities, and service components that support the delivery of business systems and IT-enabled processes. Difference between input, output, and storage - Correct Answer *Input: hard disk is inserted into the computer to store information in the computer *Output: displays information in a pictorial form allowing the user to interact directly with the computer *Storage: Random Access Memory (RAM) holds programs and data when the computer is in use Core of Components of IT Hardware - Correct Answer Hard Disk, Monitor, Motherboard, CPU, RAM Software Development - Correct Answer Implementing various algorithms that transform data into another, which performs calculations, manipulate files, or complete other repetitive tasks, can be time-consuming or dangerous to an employee. Business Analysis - Correct Answer *Organizations improve their operations by optimizing their technology
*IT changes rapidly, so organizations must constantly investigate and plan or replace systems. Information Systems Requirements and needs - Correct Answer *Security: Organizations try to aim for secure systems to prevent incidents that can disrupt business. Unauthorized access could cause data loss or modifications *Accessibility functions: These functions are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily IT department in an organization - Correct Answer Analyzing, specifying, designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software that is beneficial and effective for the company or client. Oversees the installation and maintenance of computer network systems within a company. Helps an organization to analyze its current IT and identify areas where changes could lead to cost savings. Intranet - Correct Answer A local or restricted communications network, especially a private network created using World Wide Web software. Business Intelligence - Correct Answer Project Management - Correct Answer Outsourcing Services (OS) - Correct Answer The business practice of hiring a party outside a company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally performed in-house by the company's own employees and staff. Taxonomies - Correct Answer The discipline studying the classification criteria of a given set of items and a specific classification system of knowledge organization Software Engineer - Correct Answer A person who is responsible for designing and developing software that makes hardware and software systems work, including operating systems, database systems, and embedded systems. Network Engineer - Correct Answer A person who is responsible for setup, configure, maintain, and upgrade system where data resides that support the exchange of information, including communication systems and networks.
DIKW hierarchy describes the transition of data to wisdom - Correct Answer Defines the transition of data to information from knowledge to wisdom. (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom) IT Architects - Correct Answer Architects are responsible for designing the big picture, i.e., the goals and the systems required to reach those goals. In other words, IT architects set the strategy and direction for technology usage in the organization, define technical standards and design principles, and guide people in implementing those standards and regulations in their day-to-day work. Quality Data - Correct Answer Relevant, timely, thorough, accurate, and reliable IPOS - Correct Answer The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle CPU (Central Processing Unit) - Correct Answer Executes programs' instructions and commands various components in the computer. Referred to as the "chip". responsible for processing all information from programs run by your computer. The speed at which the processor processes information is measured in gigahertz (GHz) The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), - Correct Answer The development of computer systems largely depended on advancements in technology, such as the invention of the transistor Abacus - Correct Answer A device that stores values represented by the position of the beads on the rods. The human operator carries out mathematical operations by moving the beads The Leibniz Machine - Correct Answer The gears of the machine are initially mechanically set in a position that represents the input, and their final state represents the output of the calculations. Desktop Computers - Correct Answer IBM introduced its first desktop computer called the personal computer, or PC, whose underlying software was developed by a newly formed company known as Microsoft. Generation 1 - Correct Answer *The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)was the first real computer designed for military and military-type applications. *Vacuum tubes, relay switches, the need to program in machine language
Generation 2 - Correct Answer *Transistor components, magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers Generation 3 - Correct Answer *Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits), reduced cost, called mini computers, networks introduced via dumb terminals Generation 4 - Correct Answer Single chip processor, called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use Memory - Correct Answer Stores the programs being executed and the data they are using. DRAM (Dynamic) - Correct Answer SRAM - Correct Answer ROM (Read-Only-Memory) - Correct Answer RAM - Correct Answer *Stands for Random Access Memory. *It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer. It is volatile (means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses power). *You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has. Types of RAM - Correct Answer Dynamic RAM (DRAM). Static RAM (SRAM) BOIS ROM (Basic Input Output System) - Correct Answer ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Typically stored in ROM chip on the motherboard. Is the software not hardware, ("basic" operating system that runs when the computer is first turned on) Runs tests of memory and the CPU and initializes hardware components so that the actual Operating System can be loaded from the hard disk. Cannot choose the amount or contents. Hard Drive - Correct Answer Store data even when the computer is turned off Peripheral devices - Correct Answer Components that are located outside the system unit yet are connected physically or wirelessly to it
programmers with data analytical skills can transition to become machine learning engineers. Experience in Python, R, or Java with a background in machine learning frameworks is required Software Engineer - Correct Answer Design and develop software that makes hardware and software systems work, including operating systems, database systems, and embedded systems. They need to understand hardware and software. Engineers work with clients and colleagues to understand requirements and perform detailed technical work. Typically work in IT, electronics, or telecommunication companies in roles such as application programmers, software developers, and software architects. Network Engineer - Correct Answer Networks engineers, network designers, and network engineers set up configure, maintain, and upgrade systems where data resides and that support the exchange of information, including communication systems and networks. Network engineers ensure that the security of data and information is appropriate and that companies have processes and procedures in place to enable business operations to continue in the event of a disaster Cloud Engineer - Correct Answer Cloud engineers, cloud security engineers, cloud system engineers. Cloud network engineers use their technical and analytical skills to help companies identify opportunities for migrating a part or all of their infrastructure to the cloud, supporting the more efficient use of resources and improving IT operations Confidentiality - Correct Answer Requires that data be kept secure so that they are not accidentally provided to unauthorized individuals and cannot be obtained by unauthorized users. Strategic risk analysis - Correct Answer Security policies are translated into mechanisms that support information security. We will focus on the risk management process Phishing - Correct Answer Is the process of targeting a specific individual, usually via email, under the guise of a reputable or trustworthy entity to reveal private or personal details such as usernames or password Packet sniffing - Correct Answer Means of obtaining a password; in reality, in addition to passwords, packet sniffing allows you to obtain anything being sent over the network if the data being transmitted is sent without encryption
Complier - Correct Answer Improve language translator; requires that the components of the software all be defined before compilation can begin; code is more effcient Kernel - Correct Answer Core components of the OS that is loaded when the computer is first booted. Device Drivers - Correct Answer Provide specific interfaces between the OS running a computer and hardware Shell - Correct Answer An interface for the user, often personalized for that given user System Utilities - Correct Answer Programs that allow the user to monitor and improve system performance. GUI (Graphical User Interface) - Correct Answer Allows a user to control the computer by using the mouse and pointing and clicking at objects on the screen (icons, menus, buttons, etc.). Web Server - Correct Answer The role of a web server is to respond to HTTP requests Proxy Server - Correct Answer Used in an organization to act as a giant cache of web pages that anyone in the organization has recently retrieved Database server - Correct Answer Permits database access across a network Proprietary Software - Correct Answer Is purchased from a vendor Shareware - Correct Answer Usually provides you a trial version of the software Freeware - Correct Answer Is usually software that has become obsolete because a newer software has replaced it, or is software that the original producer (whether an individual or a company) no longer wishes to maintain and provide support for Public Domain software - Correct Answer On the other hand, is software that has been moved into the public domain.
more like a shell that can be used for operations should the need arise. It is less costly than hot storage, but the organization must be able to purchase, receive, and install all the necessary hardware and software before operations can continue. Bluetooth - Correct Answer Is a standard that enables devices to exchange data using wireless technology Big Data - Correct Answer Means integrating these vast amounts of data, whether the data is generated internally or externally, and finding ways to investigate the relationships that can be discerned from the data. Software as a Service (SaaS) - Correct Answer Businesses can access and use software through the Internet. Companies in many industries now use Google Docs and other programs that use SaaS Platform as a Service PaaS - Correct Answer Is to be able to develop and deliver applications quickly and reliably. Infrastructure as a Service IaaS - Correct Answer All the resources (e.g., servers, data storage) an IT department needs are located outside of the organization and are accessible by anyone, anywhere. Ethics - Correct Answer Code of moral conduct or a set of principles that govern behavior The 10 Commandments of Computer Ethics - Correct Answer 1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
- Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
- Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's computer files.
- Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
- Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
- Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
- Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.
- Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.
- Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.
- Thou shalt always use computers in ways that ensure consideration and respect for fellow humans. Client-server Network - Correct Answer Client-server Network Contains one or more servers; client is a computer that will request information from another computer; server is a computer that takes requests and responds with the requested information; the software used facilitates communication with remote servers Worm - Correct Answer Self contained programs that do not need other programs to propagate across computers and computer networks Hardware - Correct Answer Motherboards, graphics cards, central processing units (CPUs), and power supply are some of the most prominent hardware components in a general-purpose computer system. Software - Correct Answer The system software, such as Windows, Mac, or Linux, runs the computer by controlling its hardware components and peripherals. Quantum Computing - Correct Answer Is the study of a non-classical model of computation. It is said to be more efficient than modern computing through the use of quantum tunneling. Quantum computers are expected to reduce power consumption from 100 to 1,000 times and will allow computing to surpass any and all limits that traditional computing has set. Graphics Processor Unit - Correct Answer In 3D rendering, the graphics processing unit (GPU) does exactly what its name suggests and processes huge batches of graphic data. You will find that your computer's graphics card has at least one GPU. Expansion Card/Bus - Correct Answer Computer bus that moves information between the internal hardware of a computer system (including the CPU and RAM) and peripheral devices. It is a collection of wires and protocols that allows for the expansion of a computer. Motherboard - Correct Answer The main circuit board of a computer System Clock - Correct Answer Controls the speed at which instructions are processed. Ports - Correct Answer Sockets that allow cables to be plugged in without opening the system unit. Some examples are serial, parallel, and Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, which are recognizable by their distinct shapes.
LAN (Local Area Network) - Correct Answer consists of a collection of computers in a single building or building complex. For example, the computers in a manufacturing building may be connected via TCP/IP ethernet or Wi-Fi. WAN (Wide Area Network) - Correct Answer Link systems over a greater distance, including machines on opposite sides of the world. Mesh Network - Correct Answer Connects every device in a network to every other device; mesh networks enable redundancy while also introducing significantly more network traffic. Star Network - Correct Answer Networks have a single machine serving as a central point to which all others are connected. Ring Network - Correct Answer Topologies connect directly to each other as a peer in-shape of a circle Bus Network - Correct Answer Networks are connected in one port Cluster Computing - Correct Answer Use many independent computers to provide computations or services comparable to those of a larger machine. The cost of several individual machines can be less than a higher-priced supercomputer, with comparable performance. Grid Computing - Correct Answer Typically includes specialized software to make it easier to distribute the workload and data among the machines in the grid. Cloud Computing - Correct Answer Provides large pools of shared computers that can be allocated to clients as needed. Services such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud allow clients to rent virtual computers by the hour, no matter where the associated computer hardware is located. World Web Wide (WWW) - Correct Answer Composed of a hypertext document format for embedding hyperlinks to other documents, a protocol for transferring hypertext over the network, and a server process that supplies hypertext pages upon request. Today, the WWW also supports images, audio, and video. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - Correct Answer A location or address identifying where documents can be found on the Internet, a Web address
Malware - Correct Answer Malicious software is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. Virus - Correct Answer A software program that infects a computer by inserting itself into programs that already reside in the machine. When the "host" program is executed, the virus is also executed, possibly performing degradations of portions of the operating system, erasing large amounts of data, or corrupting data and other programs. Worm - Correct Answer An autonomous program that forwards copies of itself other machine in a network and cloud results in detriment of individual machines or the operations of the network. Spyware - Correct Answer Resides on a computer, collecting information about the computer's activities and reporting back to the spyware's instigator. Passwords or credit card numbers can be exposed via spyware. Application Software - Correct Answer Specific-purpose software used to perform a specific task. System Software - Correct Answer General-purpose software that is used to operate computer hardware. It provides a platform to run application software. Computer Software - Correct Answer
