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Chemistry

The Central Science

Inorganic Chemistry

by:

• Nada Merzoug
• Selma Benrazek
• Mouna Nahali

What is Chemistr y? Chemistry , a branch of physical science, is the study of the compositions, properties and behaviors of matter. As it is a fundamental component of matter, the atom is the basic unit of chemistry. Chemistry , a branch of physical science, is the study of the compositions, properties and behaviors of matter. As it is a fundamental component of matter, the atom is the basic unit of chemistry.

Inorganic chemisrty Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Organic chemistr y biochemistry

Different fields of

Chemistry

7 What is Organic Chemistr y? Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.

Difference between inorganic and organic chemistry

TYPES

Combination Reactions Decompositio n Reactions Double Displacement Reactions Single Displacement Reactions

1. Combinatio n Reactions Tw o or more reactants form one product in a combination reaction. An example of a combination reaction is the formation of sulfur dioxide when sulfur is burned in air: S (s) + O 2 (g) → SO 2 (g) Tw _o or more reactants form one product in a combination reaction. An example of a combination reaction is the formation of sulfur dioxide when sulfur is burned in air: S (s)

• O 2 (g) → SO 2 (g)_

A single-replacement reaction , also known as single-displacement or substitution reaction, is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound. An example of a single displacement reaction is the displacement of copper ions in a copper sulfate solution by zinc metal, forming zinc sulfate:

• Zn^ (s) + CuSO 4 (aq)^ → Cu^ (s) + ZnSO 4 (aq) 3. Single replaceme nt reaction

A double-replacement reaction , also known as double-displacement, is a reaction in which the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange places to form two new compounds. An example of a double displacement reaction occurs when solutions of calcium chloride and silver nitrate are reacted to form insoluble silver chloride in a solution of calcium nitrate. CaCl 2 (aq)

• 2 AgNO 3 (aq) → Ca(NO 3

2(aq)

AgCl (s) 4.Double Displace ment Reactions

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions must involve O 2 as one reactant. The combustion of hydrogen gas produces water vapor. 2H 2(g)

+O

2(g)

+2H

2

O

(g)

• (^) Combustion Reactions

The precipitation reaction is the double displacement reactions involving the production of a solid form residue called the precipitate. The reaction also occurs when two or more solutions with different salts are combined, resulting in the formation of insoluble salts that precipitates out of the solution. When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate are mixed, the following reaction occurs. 2KI (aq) +Pb(NO 3

2(aq)

→2KNO

3(aq) +PbI 2(s)

• (^) The precipitation reaction

What is the difference between a

chemical reaction and the

chemical equation?

A chemical reaction is a process that occurs when one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances. For example: Hydrogen and oxygen gas combine to produce water. Sodium chloride (table salt) dissociates in water to form sodium and chlorine ions. Methane combusts in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, heat, and water.

A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Atomic symbols are used to represent the elements that take part in a reaction. Numbers are used to represent the ratios of reactants and products to produce the reaction and arrows point the direction a reaction occurs where the arrow points from reactants to products. For example, using for the above chemical reactions: 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) → 2 H 2

O(ℓ)

This chemical equation reads: Two hydrogen gas molecules and one oxygen gas molecule produce two molecules of water. A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. Atomic symbols are used to represent the elements that take part in a reaction. Numbers are used to represent the ratios of reactants and products to produce the reaction and arrows point the direction a reaction occurs where the arrow points from reactants to products. For example, using for the above chemical reactions: 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) → 2 H 2

O(ℓ)

This chemical equation reads: Two hydrogen gas molecules and one oxygen gas molecule produce two molecules of water.