Integrative Approach to Psychopathology - Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Abnormal Psychology

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An Integrative Approach to

Psychopathology

Outline

• One-Dimensional Versus Multidimensional

Models

• Biological Contributions to Psychopathology
• Psychological Contributions to

Psychopathology

• Cultural, Social and Developmental Factors

One-Dimensional Versus Multidimensional Models

•  Judy – each of the four groups should pick

one of the four factors and develop arguments

about what could have caused Judy’s illness

• Try to persuade your classmates in the other

group that your factors are the right

explanation of Judy’s disorder

One-Dimensional Versus Multidimensional

Models

Biological Contributions to Psychopathology

• The Interaction of Genetics and Environmental

Effects

• The Diathesis-Stress Model
  • The diathesis (inherited tendency) interacts with stress we encounter; the more diathesis the less stress needed to initiate the illness
• The Reciprocal Gene-Environment Model
  • Genetic endowment may increase the probability that an individual will experience stressful life events

Biological Contributions to Psychopathology

• Neuroscience and its contributions to

psychopathology

• The Central Nervous System
• Structures contributing to psychopathology
• Neurotransmiters

Biological Contributions to

Psychopathology

Biological Contributions to

Psychopathology

Biological Contributions to

Psychopathology

Biological Contributions to

Psychopathology

• Neuron structure
  • Cell body, dendrites, axon, synaptic cleft
• Neurotransmitters
  • Chemicals released from axon of one nerve cell that transmit the impulse to the receptors of another nerve cell
  • There are multiple neurotransmitter currents (brain circuits) in the brain
  • Drugs can influence neurotransmitters as agonists (increase the activity of a neurotrasmitter), antagonists (decrease or block) or inverse agonists (effects opposite to effects of a neurotrasmitter)

How neurotrasmitters and drugs

influencing them work

Biological Contributions to

Psychopathology

• Neurotransmitters
  • Norepinephrine
    • Controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration; contributes to panic attacks, anxiety and mood disorders (beta-blockers)
  • Dopamine
    • Activates other neurotransmitters and aids in exploratory and pleasure-seeking behaviors
    • Excess is implicated in schizophrenia and deficit in Parkinson’s disease

Psychological Contributions to

Psychopathology

• Learned helplessness
  • Martin Seligman
  • if people believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives, they give up attempting to cope and develop depression
• Social learning
  • people can learn a lot by observing what happens to someone else in a given situation (modeling or observational learning)

Psychological Contributions to

Psychopathology

• Prepared learning
  • we became highly prepared for learning about certain types of objects or situations over the course of evolution
• Cognitive science and the unconscious
  • we are not aware of much of what goes on inside our heads
  • dissociation between consciousness and behavior (blind sight and implicit memory)