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Anatomy and Physiology
Curriculum Overview
Unit 1 - Introduction
Students will: โ Differentiate between physiology and anatomy โ Describe the various cell and tissue types(clarification: epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle) โ Identify anatomical regions and anatomical directional terminology โ Define homeostasis in terms of feedback loops. (ie: Temperature regulation) Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations : HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. HS-LS1-4 Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms. HS-LS1-7 Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Unit 1 - Integumentary System
Students will: โ Identify and describe the functions of the layers of the skin and corresponding components. (including receptors (noci, thermo, chemo, mechano, proprio-receptors) โ Describe the structure and function of corresponding components of skin โ Explore disruptions of homeostasis (i.e.: skin cancer, wounds, burns, acne, moles, psoriasis, etc.) โ Distinguish between the complexity levels of structural organization Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations: HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Unit 2 - Muscular and Skeletal Systems
Students will: โ Identify structures and histology of the muscular and skeletal systems. โ Describe the functions of the muscular and skeletal system and their interdependence. โ Identify the major joint types and components. โ Explain the structure and function of muscle and bone cells. โ Describe the mechanism of muscle contraction. โ Identify major muscles of the muscular system
โ Identify major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletal system โ Explore disruptions of homeostasis (i.e.: fractures, sprains, etc.) Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations: HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. HS-LS1-7 Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Unit 3 - Nervous System
Students will: โ Describe the divisions of nervous system. โ Identify the structures of the nervous system. โ Describe the functions of the central and peripheral nervous system. โ Describe the cell and tissue types of the nervous system. โ Explore the physiology of nerve conduction and the events in synaptic transmission. โ Identify and describe the structure and function of sensory organs. โ Explore disruptions of homeostasis (i.e.:multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, addiction, etc.) Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations: HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Unit 4 - Digestive System
Students will: โ Identify the basic anatomy and physiology of the human digestive system. โ Describe the functions of the organs within the digestive system. โ Examine the histology of the organs of the digestive system. โ Compare mechanical and chemical digestion โ Explore and describe the basic absorption of macromolecules, vitamins and minerals. โ Explain the role of enzymes and bile in the digestive system. โ Explore disruptions of homeostasis (i.e.:constipation, ulcers, diarrhea, etc.) Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations: HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
โ Discuss the roles of the cells of the immune system and how they function in acquired immunity in both the primary or secondary immune response โ Discuss the roles of active and passive immune responses. โ Explore disruptions of homeostasis Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations: HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Unit 8 - Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
Students will: โ Identify the major anatomical structures of the endocrine system. โ Describe the major functions of the endocrine glands and the hormones they produce โ Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands on a macroscopic level. โ Identify and discuss the major endocrine disorders โ Identify the major anatomical structures of the male and female reproductive systems โ Describe the menstrual cycle/phases โ Explore disruptions of homeostasis Supports the Foundational Learning of NGSS HS-LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Performance Expectations: HS-LS1-2 Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms. HS-LS1-3 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Project
Select a systemic disease and complete research during the duration of the course Students will: โ Conduct systematic observations and examine multiple resources to research problem โ Use tools to gather, analyze, and interpret data โ Pose answers and explanations through hypothesis and predictions โ Use appropriate evidence and reasoning to justify how chosen disease will impact body systems and explain connections to others
