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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 45 : Internet of Things Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Huynh Tuong Vi Student ID BC Class IT05101 Assessor name Tran Van Nhuom Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid
P 1 P2 M1 M2 D
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- I. Introduction.
- II. Explore various forms of IoT functionality on electronic platform P1....................................................
- Definition of IoT.
- History of IoT.
- Characteristics of IOT.
- Why use IoT?
- How IoT works.
- Application of IOT.
- development P2. III. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT
- Standard Architecture.
- Frameworks of IoT.
- a. IoT Frameworks.
- b. IoT Tools.
- Hardware and APIs for IoT development.
- a. IoT Hardware
- b. IoT APIs
- software development lifecycle M1. IV. Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs in the
- problem-solving requirements M2. V. Review specific forms of IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs for different
- VI. Conlusion
- VII. REFERENCES
- Figure 1 IoT Figures
- Figure 2 Automated speed enforcement cameras
- Figure 3 History of formation and development of IoT
- Figure 4 Sensors
- Figure 5 Augmented Reality
- Figure 6 Automated air conditioner
- Figure 7 Health monitoring devices
- Figure 8 IoT in manufacturing
- Figure 9 IoT In Transportation
- Figure 10 IoT Architecture
- Figure 11 IoT Frameworks
- Figure 12 Azure IoT
- Figure 13 AWS IoT
- Figure 14 Arduino hardware
- Figure 15 Raspbian
- Figure 16 Raspberry Pi
- Figure 17 STM32
- Figure 18 Different types of sensors
- Figure 19 Electronic devices
- Figure 20 MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
- Figure 21 CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)....................................................................................
- Figure 22 Two-tier architecture
- Figure 23 Three-Tier Architecture
I. Introduction. The rapid advancements in technology have brought forth an era where everyday objects are becoming interconnected and capable of communicating with each other over the internet. This phenomenon, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), has emerged as a groundbreaking concept with the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives. In this report, we will explore the concept of IoT in depth, outlining its definition, key components, and potential implications.
the speed of each vehicle with a predefined baseline, these cameras capture evidence and assist in enforcing speed regulations, promoting safer driving habits on the roads.
- History of IoT. The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced significant milestones throughout its development. ➢ 1990: Software engineer John Romkey connects a toaster over the Internet, demonstrating remote control capabilities. ➢ 1999: Kevin Ashton first uses the term "Internet of things" to describe the interconnected network of objects. ➢ 2000: LG introduces the first Internet-connected refrigerator, showcasing the integration of IoT in household appliances. ➢ 2008: The first international conference on IoT is held in Switzerland, bringing together experts to discuss the future of the technology. ➢ 2009: A Cisco report reveals that the number of Internet-connected devices surpasses the global population, indicating the widespread adoption of IoT. Figure 2 Automated speed enforcement cameras
➢ 2013: The term "Internet of Things" is officially defined in the Oxford dictionary, solidifying its status as a recognized concept. ➢ 2020 - 2025: Forecasts predict that the number of IoT devices will exceed 20 billion in 2020 and reach 75 billion by 2025, highlighting the rapid growth and increasing impact of IoT across various industries. Figure 3 History of formation and development of IoT
Security and Privacy: As IoT involves the collection and transmission of sensitive data, security and privacy are crucial considerations. IoT systems should implement robust security measures to ensure data integrity, confidentiality, and user privacy. Integration and Interoperability: IoT devices and systems can integrate and interoperate with existing technologies, infrastructure, and platforms. They can seamlessly interact with other systems, enabling interoperability and compatibility across different devices and networks. ❖ Advantages of IoT include: Convenience and time saving: IoT provides automated and intelligent solutions that save time and effort in many daily tasks. For example, control home devices such as lights, air conditioners or security systems remotely via smartphone. Enhance manufacturing and service processes: IoT can improve manufacturing and service processes by automating operations and automated monitoring. This helps increase productivity, reduce errors and increase flexibility across industries. Enhance quality of life: IoT can provide solutions such as smart home, smart healthcare, smart transportation, and smart energy, which help improve the quality of human life by bringing more convenience and better choice. Resource Optimization: IoT helps optimize resource usage with smart management, such as saving energy, water resources, waste management and transportation resources. This can help reduce environmental impact and create a more sustainable system. ❖ Disadvantages of IoT include: Security and privacy: With constant connectivity and data sharing, IoT faces security and privacy issues. Personal data and important information can be stolen or exposed if appropriate security measures are not taken.
Difficulty in integration and compatibility: IoT requires integration and compatibility between different devices, protocol standards and platforms. When there are many different manufacturers and suppliers, ensuring compatibility and anti-reverse features can become a challenge. Track and manage big data: With the large amount of data generated and collected by IoT devices, data management and analysis becomes a challenge. Effective solutions are needed to process, store and extract useful information from this data. Dependent on internet connection: IoT requires a constant internet connection to function. When the internet connection is lost or the network is unstable, it will affect the ability to control and monitor IoT devices.
- Why use IoT? Efficiency and Automation: IoT enables automation and streamlines processes, leading to improved efficiency. By connecting devices and systems, IoT facilitates the exchange of data and enables automated actions, reducing human intervention and increasing productivity. Cost Savings: IoT can help optimize resource usage and reduce costs. For example, smart energy management systems can monitor and control energy consumption, leading to reduced energy waste and lower utility bills. Predictive maintenance enabled by IoT can also help identify and address equipment issues before they become costly failures. Enhanced Decision Making: IoT generates a vast amount of data that can be analyzed to gain valuable insights. By collecting and analyzing data from various sources, businesses can make data-driven decisions, identify patterns, and anticipate trends, leading to better strategic planning and operational improvements. Improved Safety and Security: IoT can enhance safety and security in various domains. For example, in smart homes, IoT devices can detect and respond to potential hazards such as fires or intrusions. In industrial settings, IoT-powered systems can monitor workplace conditions, manage access control, and ensure compliance with safety regulations.
The devices used in IoT applications can include smartphones, which have numerous sensors and are capable of performing multiple tasks. These devices, along with dedicated sensors, are utilized to collect data from the environment. The next step involves transferring the collected information to the cloud or the main processor for processing, and this is where the connection component comes into play. The connection component facilitates the transmission of data from sensors or devices to the cloud through various means such as wired connections, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular networks, or satellite connections. The choice of connection method depends on the specific requirements of the IoT application. For instance, if the application involves sending data from two distant locations, a satellite connection may be preferred over Bluetooth, which has limited range. Each connection option has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice is made based on the specific needs of the IoT application. Data processing: Once data is stored in the cloud or processor, it undergoes data processing where software algorithms perform various tasks. These tasks involve working with environmental temperature data or analyzing video feeds. For example, the software can determine if the temperature recorded is too high for a cold storage facility, triggering appropriate actions such as sending notifications or sounding alarms. Moreover, the software can also analyze video feeds to identify and track objects, Figure 4 Sensors
enabling the provision of augmented reality experiences. By applying logic and analysis to the collected data, data processing enables the extraction of valuable insights and facilitates decision-making in IoT applications. User interface: Once the data has been processed, the resulting information becomes valuable for the user. This outcome is presented through a user interface, allowing the user to interact and access the relevant information. In the case of a cold storage facility, if the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold, the program can send a notification or activate an alarm to alert the user. Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) application may feature a user interface that enables the user to check the environment at any time. Through this interface, the user can continuously monitor the temperature of the cold storage and access real-time data whenever needed. This user interface empowers the user to stay informed and take appropriate actions based on the generated outcomes and the information gathered by IoT devices and sensors. The user interface becomes particularly valuable when users want to remotely control or perform actions on their environment. For example, through the interface, a user can access the security camera at their house while at work and interact with it. They can swipe to command the camera to pan left or right. Upon receiving the command, the camera hardware will move accordingly and send the updated video feed to the cloud, which in turn relays it back to the user. Additionally, an IoT system can also autonomously perform actions based on predefined rules. For instance, if an incorrect password is entered into the door lock five times, the system will automatically lock the door and alert the authorities. This eliminates the need for the user to manually engage and instruct the system to take these actions, enhancing convenience, efficiency, and security within the IoT ecosystem. Example In the context of Augmented Reality (AR), the user utilizes their smartphone camera to capture data from the surrounding environment. This data is then transmitted to the cloud for processing, where algorithms analyze the information to identify and recognize objects within the environment. The identified objects are then sent back to the user, who can view them through the AR interface on their device. The interface overlays virtual objects or information onto the real-world view captured by the
❖ Application of IoT in industries. Healthcare sector: IoT technology has been applied in the healthcare sector, leading to several advancements. Here are some notable achievements:
- Combatting counterfeit devices and pharmaceuticals: IoT assists regulatory agencies in combating counterfeit devices and pharmaceuticals. Products are labeled with unique, difficult-to-counterfeit codes that are directly linked to the source, ensuring authenticity and traceability.
- Improved collaboration between hospitals and medical waste treatment companies: IoT facilitates closer collaboration between hospitals and medical waste treatment companies. IoT data monitoring systems ensure that medical waste is properly transported and disposed of, minimizing the risk of hazardous biological contamination in residential areas. Figure 6 Automated air conditioner
- Implementation of digital hospitals: Progressive countries around the world have deployed IoT in digital hospitals. Patients can have their samples taken and monitor their medical records in a digital format. This streamlined process reduces complexity and improves the efficiency of patient diagnosis and treatment. Manufacturing industry: Businesses in the manufacturing sector gain a competitive advantage by owning advanced automated production lines equipped with sophisticated sensing capabilities. These sensors measure product quantities, detect errors, and ensure strict quality control. By implementing these technologies, companies can not only save production costs but also improve efficiency and ensure timely delivery schedules. Figure 7 Health monitoring devices
Figure 9 IoT In Transportation
III. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development P2.
- Standard Architecture. Sensing Layer: At the first layer of an IoT system, the "things" or endpoint devices serve as the bridge between the physical and digital realms. This layer, known as the perception layer, comprises sensors and actuators designed to collect, transmit, and process data. These sensors and actuators can be connected to the Figure 10 IoT Architecture
