Internet Programming Fundamentals: Web Engineering & Architecture, Lecture notes of Web Design and Development

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Internet Programming

Fundamentals-1 Fundamentals-

1

Fundamentals

Introduction – Web Engineering, The Internet and

Web,

Architecture of Internet, WWW

Client Vs Server side web programming

Terminologies

Protocol Suite -TCP/IP

HTTP Overview

Web Design & Development issues

Introduction -Internet Programming  Internet Programming(IP) : Internet-based application programming (Internet applications)  (^) IP Aims:  (^) To keep up with emerging web technologies and languages  (^) To mine knowledge from internet and WWW(Web)  (^) To design and develop static and dynamic web based applications (web sites)  (^) To improve interaction of the user experience on web based applications

Introduction (cont’d)  Internet applications is a kind of applications that implement a distributed system architecture using the Internet as a medium of communication between its components

 Internet-based Applications

 (^) Using the protocol-existing application or define their own protocols  (^) Application on the server side to communicate directly with the client  (^) Application on the client side can be either stand- alone application or embedded in other applications

Attribute of Web and Internet Based Application 

Network intensive

 Content driven

 Continuous evolution

 Immediacy

Security

Aesthetics

 Customizable

 Efficient and Effective

Introduction (cont’d)

Internet/Web programming Advantages  Points to be discussed are :  (^) Ease of development  Performance (responsiveness, reliability, … )  (^) Scalability  (^) Security (Desktop, Server, DB, and Network)  (^) Functionality (Simplicity, breadth of user options, …) Introduction (cont’d)

Server-side Programming Skills that are often required:

• (^) CGI
• (^) PHP
• (^) ASP
• (^) Perl
• (^) Java Servlet, … Web Server Web Client Internet Client-side Programming Skills that are often required: - (^) HTML - (^) XHTML - (^) DHTML - (^) Javascript - (^) XML … Database Introduction (cont’d)- Web Programming

Introduction (cont’d) -Internet  The Internet – a network of networks  An infrastructure (connectivity among a large number of machines world wide)  The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees and define of the term "Internet“ as: It refers to the global information system that -  (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons ;

Introduction (cont’d) -Internet  (^) Internet Evolution:  (^) Beginning of 70’s- the DARPA researchers had established the first experimental WAN which use packet switching involving Network Control Protocol (NCP), called ARPANET.  (^) Mid of 70’s –TCP/IP protocol specified in details  (^) In 80’s – the ARPANET switched from NCP to TCP/IP by the National Science Foundation(NSF) , and then establish NSFNET.  (^) By 90’s , internet connected virtually to all colleges and universities as internet community for testing and comments  (^) Early 90’ s the internet was transferred to non-profit org and become WWW or simple Web

Introduction (cont’d) -Internet Internet Services and Tools  (^) Several applications:

 E-mal

 www

 File transfer (FTP)

 Remote login

 E-commerce

 Instant messaging (chat)

 Mailing lists etc

 Tools:

 (^) Browsers- used to view docs on WWW  (^) Web Servers- to response requests from clients for web resources  (^) Filters – to convert legacy docs to HTML format  (^) Authoring tools-to edit HTML docs

Introduction (cont’d) –Terminologies  (^) A web page  (^) A document with a mark-up language called HTML  (^) The basic unit of information storage on the www  (^) Any page that is hosted on the Internet.  (^) How does the www work  (^) Websites (with unique names) are stored on web servers  (^) Users access these websites via the Internet using software called a web browser.  (^) A user sends requests for resources from a server with the help of the a user agent (browser)  (^) The server sends the requested resource to the user agent  (^) The user agent renders the resource for the user to view.

How it Works ….?

Introduction (cont’d) –Terminologies  Communication protocol  (^) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)  (^) Client (web browser) and Server (web server) communicate via the HTTP to exchange request/response messages  The web is governed by the w3c (world wide web consortium) (www.w3.org)

Introduction (cont’d) –Terminologies  (^) How are websites uniquely named?  (^) DNS (Domain Name System)  (^) Resolves a human friendly name (e.g. www.hu.edu.et) to a machine friendly IP address (e.g. 164.233.187.99)  (^) “Phone book” of the Internet  (^) For this purpose, DNS servers store a table containing name-IP (among other things) pairs and do a look-up when requested  (^) A DNS server may communicate with other server to resolve a given name  (^) There are about 13 root DNS servers ( http://www.root-servers.org/)