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internet technologies lectures, Exercises of Web Design and Development

Aliah UniversityWeb Design and Development

this docx. for students who have some issues with web designing

Typology: Exercises

2019/2020

Uploaded on 11/17/2020

yasser-ahmed-2
yasser-ahmed-2 🇪🇬

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1. What does the web server typically do with the following html fragment:“ <a
href="#top">Top</a>”. ?
The server doesn’t do anything with html fragments.
2. What are Internet Cookies and What Do They Do? Mention cookies components.?
Cookies keep “state”. Websites use cookies to simulate a continuous
connection to that site, they allow websites to maintain user information
across HTTP connections. Cookies can be stored in 4 different
locations:
1. Cookie header line in the HTTP response message
2. Cookie header line in HTTP request message
3. Cookie file kept on user’s host and managed by user’s browser
4. Back-end database at the website
3. What is web cache? How caches keep up-to-date copies to retrieve? Explain using the two
different cases shown in the following figure between client / server http msg
Web caches keep copies of popular documents
Web caches help reduce redundant data transfer, network bottlenecks,
demand on origin servers, distance delay. It expires when fetched
resource isn’t valid anymore and needs to be retrieved from the origin
server.
Expires & Cache-Control:
Content on the origin server can change. Caches need to ensure that
their copies are in sync with the origin server (latest version). Caches
can revalidate their copies at any time with any frequency but that
wouldn’t be efficient.
Expires in HTTP response header indicates a document’s expiration
date in absolute terms, it determines how long that content is considered
fresh; cash revalidates at that date.
An alternative to Expires is Cache-Control, which indicates a document’s
expiration date in relative terms such as number of seconds since being
sent.
Last-Modified:
Contains the date when the document was last altered (in the HTTP
response), no indication about the amount of changes in the document.
It’s often used in combination with If-Modified-Since for cache
revalidation requests, origin server only returns the document if it
changed since the given date (returned is 304 not modified response).
Goal: Don’t send the object if client already has up-to-date cached version.
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Download internet technologies lectures and more Exercises Web Design and Development in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. What does the web server typically do with the following html fragment: “Top”.?

The server doesn’t do anything with html fragments.

  1. What are Internet Cookies and What Do They Do? Mention cookies components.?

Cookies keep “ state ”. Websites use cookies to simulate a continuous

connection to that site, they allow websites to maintain user information

across HTTP connections. Cookies can be stored in 4 different

locations:

1. Cookie header line in the HTTP response message

2. Cookie header line in HTTP request message

3. Cookie file kept on user’s host and managed by user’s browser

4. Back-end database at the website

  1. What is web cache? How caches keep up-to-date copies to retrieve? Explain using the two different cases shown in the following figure between client / server http msg

Web caches keep copies of popular documents

Web caches help reduce redundant data transfer, network bottlenecks,

demand on origin servers, distance delay. It expires when fetched

resource isn’t valid anymore and needs to be retrieved from the origin

server.

Expires & Cache-Control:

Content on the origin server can change. Caches need to ensure that

their copies are in sync with the origin server (latest version). Caches

can revalidate their copies at any time with any frequency but that

wouldn’t be efficient.

Expires in HTTP response header indicates a document’s expiration

date in absolute terms, it determines how long that content is considered

fresh; cash revalidates at that date.

An alternative to Expires is Cache-Control, which indicates a document’s

expiration date in relative terms such as number of seconds since being

sent.

Last-Modified:

Contains the date when the document was last altered (in the HTTP

response), no indication about the amount of changes in the document.

It’s often used in combination with If-Modified-Since for cache

revalidation requests, origin server only returns the document if it

changed since the given date (returned is 304 not modified response).

Goal: Don’t send the object if client already has up-to-date cached version.

Client: Specify date & cached copy in HTTP request.

If-modified-since:

Server: Response contains no object if cached copy is up-to-date

HTTP/1.0 304 Not Modified

Write an HTML to produce the following table with background Yellow & text color red.?

CSSimplified.com HTML6

CSSimplified.com

“Cache-Control: max-age=2628000”,. Describe the benefit & disadvantages a web application

would get from having that line in a HTTP GET response header.?

Benefit: The browser won’t ask the server for new content as long as the

Max-age is still valid.

Disadvantage: This isn’t efficient because if the content of the server

Hasn’t changed then there’s no reason to get the same content again

When max-age expires.

Explain the Domain Name System, function & components, according to below diagram?

DNS is a collection of the databases that contain information about domain

names and their corresponding IP addresses. When a user types the

domain name, the corresponding IP address is resolved, this is

Done by DNS. When a web application needs to communicate with another

computer like a server it needs to translate the name to an IP address, so it

Emails are stored on a single device

Sent emails are stored on a single device

Emails can be accessed from a single device

IMAP (Internet Messaging Access Protocol):

Emails are stored on server

Sent messages are stored on server

Messages can be synched and accessed from multiple devices

What are the main components of the email? Explain briefly the basic functions of the mail user agent.?

Email has three major components:

1) User agents

2) Mail servers

3) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Email user agent system supports five basic functions:

1) Composition

2) Transfer

3) Reporting

4) Display

5) Disposition

Describe the mechanism used by a web application to prevent its session cookies from being used by a web application from a different company.?

A session cookie, also called a transient cookie, is a cookie that is erased when

you end the browser session. The session cookie is stored in temporary memory

and is not retained after the browser is closed. Session cookies do not collect

information from your computer. They typically store information in the form of a

session identification that does not personally identify the user. A persistent

cookie , a lso called a permanent cookie, or a stored cookie, is a cookie that is

stored on your hard drive until it expires (persistent cookies are set with

expiration dates) or until you delete the cookie. Persistent cookies are used to

collect identifying information about the user, such as Web surfing behavior or

user preferences for a specific Web site.

Cookies have six attributes:

 The name of the cookie.

 The value of the cookie.  The expiration date of the cookie - this determines how long the cookie

will remain active in your browser.

 The path the cookie is valid for - this sets the URL path the cookie is valid

for. Web pages outside of that path cannot use the cookie – much more on

this later.

 The domain the cookie is valid for. This makes the cookie accessible to

pages on any of the servers when a site uses multiple servers in a domain.

 The need for a secure connection - this indicates that the cookie can only

be used under a secure server condition, such as a site using SSL.

Cookies are very useful. In fact, much of the behavior we take for granted on the

Web would not be possible without cookies. For example, you can tell your

brokerage website what page you want displayed when you first

access your account. Google lets uses specify the number of results they want to

see on a page and many websites allow you to specify the “look” of the page. If

you go to a shopping site and fill a basket, a cookie stores a session identifier that

can be used to retrieve the contents of the basket. (The contents of the basket

are usually stored in a database

What are the web server involved in these HTTP transactions? HTTP transaction always involves a Client and Server. Loading a page may take many requests sometimes to different servers. Example, When you are reading a News on News Website you are requesting the content from the server where it has been hosted and when you are watching an embedded video from the same page, you may be requesting the video from another web server such as a YouTube Web Server What is CSS? What are the major advantages of using an external CSS file in Web Pages?

this is a Heading

this is a paragraph.

this is another paragraph.

Set "background-color: Yellow" for the page, using an inline style.?

this is a Heading

this is a paragraph.

this is another paragraph.

Question 6 :

Write an HTML code to create the following form :

background-color: rgb(247, 227, 165); text-align: center;} h1{ background-color: rgb(245, 181, 7);}

The world of Fruit Fruit Survay

Name: Address: Email:Missing

How many pieces of fruit do you eat per day?

0 1 2 More than 2

My favourite fruit

Apple Banana Plum Pomegranate another another