internetprotocol document of computer science, Exercises of Computer Science

Download internetprotocol document of computer science and more Exercises Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity!

• Presentation

 S.L.D.KASUN

National Diploma in Engineering Sciences (Telecommunication Engineering) Institute of Engineering Technology, Katunayake, SriLanka Suggestions -- [email protected]

 IP by itself is something like the postal system.  It allows you to address a package and drop it in the system, but there's no direct link between you and the recipient.  TCP/IP, on the other hand, establishes a connection between two hosts so that they can send messages back and forth for a period of time.

 Need a standard means of

communication between devices

 Can’t communicate if speaking two

different languages

Therefore we have a concept called “Protocol”

 The Internet Protocol defines the basic unit of data transfer (IP Datagram)  IP software performs the routing function  IP includes a set of rules that process the idea of unreliable packet delivery. ◦ How hosts and routers should process packets ◦ How & when error messages should be generated ◦ The Conditions under which packets can be discarded.

 Each #datagram has two components ◦ Header ◦ Payload Header (^) + Data (Payload) Packet

 IP supports the following services  One-to-one (unicast)  One-to-all (broadcast)  One-to-several (multicast) unicast broadcast multicast

 Open Systems Interconnection

Reference Model

 Splits communication system

into seven layers

 Each layer performs their task

and passes the data to the next

layer

Layer 7: Application Layer 6: Presentation Layer 5: Session Layer 4: Transport Layer 3: Network Layer 2: Data Link Layer 1: Physical

 This layer deals with the Hardware of network.  Physical Layer Hardware ◦ Cables , Connectors, Hubs, Repeaters.. Etc.  Function :  Manages signaling to and from physical network connections  Physical Layer Protocols & Standards ◦ Ethernet (802.3), Token Ring(802.5) , Wi-Fi(802.11)

 This layer deals with MAC addresses of devices  Responsible for Physical Addressing , Error correction & preparing the information for the media frames.  Devices  Switches , Bridges , Wireless Access Points , NICs, etc.  Data Link Layer Protocols & Standards  L2TP, PPP,SLIP etc….

 This layer deals with Segments  Breaks information into segments and is responsible for connection & connectionless communication  Hardware ◦ Proxy Server , Gateways , Firewall…etc.  Transport Layer Protocols  TCP  UDP

 Responsible for establishing, managing & terminating user connections.  Acknowledgements of data received during a session.  Retransmission of data if it is not received by a device.  Session Layer Protocols  RTP , SIP , Net BIOS.. etc.

 This layer is what the user sees…. (Loading an application such as web browser or email..)  Provides Interface for users to communicate with applications.  Examples ◦ Email , Instant Messengers, Http , SMTP, Telnet, Ping… etc.

 TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network.  TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol  They are Transport Layer & Network Layer protocols in OSI model.  The most well known network that adopted TCP/IP is --> Internet. ( The Biggest WAN)