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Gepco Pakistan
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Internship Report
ABSTRACT:
After having intensive coursework it is prerequisite to have internship in any organization in order to get practical experience and familiarity with corporate atmosphere. Having bachelors in electrical engineering I completed my internship in GEPCO (WAPDA). It owes a pivotal importance in the region through its vibrant functions. During my visit I got introduction to all the departments of GEPCO (Gujranwala electric power company). But I, according to my
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These companies are working under the umbrella of Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO).
National demand of electricity has increased and would continue to grow with the development of economy. Based on the present generation capacity, the hydral-thermal mix in the country is 37:63, which is almost the reverse of an ideal hydral-thermal mix, which should be 70:30 for a favorable economic development of the country.
The power demand during the last 7 years had grown at an average rate of about 6.31%. The load forecast prepared by WAPDA in collaboration with Energy Wing, Planning and Development Division, Government of Pakistan indicated that the power demand would grow at an average rate of 7.55% per year. To match this projected load, no additional generating capacity could be added. The nine distribution companies under WAPDA are LESCO, GEPCO, FESCO, IESCO, MEPCO, PESCO, HESCO, QESCO, KESC.EXP.
PEPCO:
PEPCO was created in May 1998 as a Management Company, owned by Government of Pakistan vested with the following corporate objectives
The core operations of the company are
NEPRA:
National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) was created to regulate the unbundled Power Sector in order to promote competitive power market to ensure reliable power supply at affordable rates to millions of electricity customers in Pakistan. Major responsibilities of NEPRA include:
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HISTORY OF GEPCO
Gujranwala Electric Supply Company Limited (GEPCO) is one of the nine-electricity distribution companies (DISCOs) established as a result of the unbundling of the vertically integrated power wing of Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Gujranwala Electric Power Company (GEPCO) has been setup over area of jurisdiction and network of former Area Electricity Board, which was created in early eighties. It encompassed the areas of existing Districts of Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sialkot, Narowal, Gujrat and Mandi Bahauddin. GEPCO was incorporated on 25th April, 1998 and obtained certificate for commencement of business on 5th June, 1998. Management and Administration is entrusted to a Board of Directors. It has about 2,461,729 connections; Average monthly collection for the year 2009-10 is approximately 3961 million Rupees. It is working under a Distribution License granted by National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) pursuant to the Regulation of Generation, Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power Act, 1997 (NEPRA Act).
What is a Power system?
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Distribution System Main
Components:
System Main Components:
(Pad or Pole Mounted)
Different Voltage Levels used in WAPDA: Due to Technical and Economic reasons, Standard Voltages has been defined. In Wapda following are the Standard Voltage Levels; Primary Transmission Voltage Level 500-kV, 220-kV Secondary Transmission Voltage Level 220-kV, 132-kV,66-kV
HT/ Primary Distribution Voltage Level 33-kV, 11-kV LT/ Secondary Distribution Voltage Level 400/ 230-Volts
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GEPCO deals with grid stations of capacity 66kv, 132kv and up to 220kv. HT (high tension) lines refer to 11kv feeders and LT (low tension) lines with 400V (L-L) or 230V (L-N). these are some specifications of workin capacity of GEPCO.
The mission statement of GEPCO is
GEPCO:
An introduction to
Adminstration
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Departments:
01 - Grid Stations 02 – planning section 03 – operation and maintenance
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04 – HRM (human resource management) 05 – PDC (power dispatch centre) 06 - Material Management (MM) 07- PMU (project management unit)
The main issue any up gradation or invention is to obtain benefits and reduce the losses to the minimum. Same is the work motto of GEPCO employs. Now I will discuss some factors which causes the losses in our electrical system
Factors Causing Technical Line Losses:
How to calculate line losses:
Technical Loss consists of I^2 R Loss and called Active Power Loss. I 2 X Loss does not consume energy and is, therefore, not computed called Reactive Power.
Power Loss I^2 ,
Power Loss R,
Power Loss I^2 R
Energy Loss = I^2 R x Time
(Greater the Current, Greater the Losses)
Load Factor = Average Load/ Maximum Load
= kWh in Billing Period/ (Max. Demand x Hours in Billing Period)
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d) kVA connected at each Node
line loss calculation for an 11kv feeder
Line Section Conductor Desig. Resistance (/ km) Section Length (km)
Total Resistance = (/ km) *Length
Current Flowing in Section (A) I
(^2) I 2 x R (Watts) AB D 0.34 3 1.02 40 1600 1632 BC G 1.33 2 2.66 2 4 11 BD D 0.34 3 1.02 34 1156 1179 DE D 0.34 1 0.34 32 1024 348 EF G 1.33 3 3.99 8 64 256 EG R 0.66 1 0.66 22 484 319 GH R 0.66 3 1.98 14 196 386 HI R 0.66 1 0.66 10 100 66 IJ G 1.33 1 1.33 2 4 5 JK G 1.33 1 1.33 1 1 1 IL G 1.33 2 2.66 8 64 170 Total Losses = 4373
PLANNING DEPARTMENT:
First week of my internship I worked in planning section. In this section there is a trained and skilled staff that deals with the planning of electricity distribution system. This section woks in many fields like planning of HT (high tension) lines, LT (low tension lines), formation of new feeding lines, planning of new connections for domestic, commercial, industrial, government colonies and private housing schemes, and checking and upgrading of existing lines to better the system and to reduce the losses to maximum extent.
This section carries out a regular checking of the existing system to reduce the losses to the minimum. The customer tells his problem through a one line diagram, description of existing system along with losses and also a proposed sketch of their system for improvement, which reaches this department then the staff goes to the site to check the problem itself. After verification an overload analysis is carried out using software named, FDR-ANA. This is very useful software in which the data provided by the customer is fetched then analysis is carried out which gives voltage drops and losses. If they exceed the limit then the staff plans for a better system. New components are added if required, also the existing components like conductors etc are replaced to reduce the losses. Again analysis is carried out with growth rate of five years. Then a proposal is made which contains a complete description of the site, a detailed sheet of the material required, a justification slip and results of the analysis. This proposal is then sent to the
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operation department which then after recommendations of the higher authorities start the work at site.
HT PROPOSALS:
The planning section basically performs ELR (energy loss reduction) analysis. They want to reduce losses so for this purpose they perform LT analysis, HT analysis, DOP’s, chain analysis etc.
I, during my visit, studied many proposals. There are LT system and HT system proposals. First I was given a thorough understanding of an HT system analysis. In HT system we deal with 11KV feeders. The information required from customer is feeder length in kms, conductor size and transformer size in KVA.
This information is fetched to the FDR-ANA software and analysis is performed. If a feeder is overloaded or voltage drop is exceeding the limits then it is planned to either bifurcate the existing feeder or make a new feeder from the grid station to reduce the losses and improve the existing system.
A complain was submitted by customers of division jalal pur jattan that their 11KV VANIKE feeder is overloaded. They provided this existing single line diagram then bifurcation was done to reduce the voltage drops and line losses. The one line diagram is:
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This is the new proposed feeder. The load was 300 amps on the feeder before, now by bifurcation the new feeder will share the load.
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Now analysis is performed on the software.
Now click on HIGH TENSION ANALYSIS
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Length is taken in kilometers.
After entering the complete node to node data, the load in amperes is entered. Then total feeder demand is entered in KVA and also power factor. The analysis is performed, the software shows results for both existing and proposed system.
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