Interviewing Techniques and Concepts in Clinical Practice, Exams of Job Interviewing Techniques and Skills

Download Interviewing Techniques and Concepts in Clinical Practice and more Exams Job Interviewing Techniques and Skills in PDF only on Docsity! Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Acceptance and Commitment Therapy - - - correct answer ✅A form of behavioral and mindfulness-based psychotherapy developed by Steven Hayes that emphasizes the importance of overcoming or diffusing negative thoughts and feelings and making a commitment to change. Acculturation - - - correct answer ✅The degree to which an immigrant identifies with or takes on the characteristics (food, clothing, language, or customs) of their new culture. Advanced empathy - - - correct answer ✅The process of reflecting (after some experience with the client) about themes, patterns, or feelings of the client that he or she may not yet have verbalized or even been aware of. Reflecting what lies beneath the surface. Advocacy - - - correct answer ✅Work with social service agencies, other institutions, and social action groups to increase benefits, access, opportunities, justice, and rights for clients and all people. Alternative perspectives - - - correct answer ✅Novel explanations or ways of thinking about people and situations that may broaden clients' definitions of self, others, and prospects for the future. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Ambivalence - - - correct answer ✅Having two or more opposing ideas, feelings, or impulses simultaneously, which often leads to feeling stuck and immobilized. Amplified reflection - - - correct answer ✅A non-judgmental but gentle exaggeration of the reason to sustain behavior in order to evoke the other side of the ambivalence. Anticipatory empathy - - - correct answer ✅Before meeting with clients, the clinician thinks about the information available about the clients, anticipates their feelings and reactions, and adjusts his or her ways of interacting accordingly. Anxiety hierarchy - - - correct answer ✅The cognitive behavioral technique of having the client rate frightening stimuli on a scale of 1 to 100 in terms of their intensity and psychological power in the client's life. ASL interpreters - - - correct answer ✅American Sign Language interpreters for deaf or hard-of-hearing people who use a combination of signing, finger spelling, and body language to convey meaning and tone. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Brainstorm - - - correct answer ✅Putting numerous alternative explanations or possibilities on the table for discussion without judging them as they emerge. Broaden and build theory - - - correct answer ✅The idea that positive emotions expand or broaden the scope of attention and therefore help build personal resources and increase personal well- being. Bubble of calm - - - correct answer ✅A circumscribed and focused atmosphere of quiet and safety conducive to clinical conversation and reflection on the work. Burnout - - - correct answer ✅A response to prolonged occupational stress found in those who work in the helping professions in situations where there is a heavy workload, few rewards, unrealistic expectations, and little administrative support. Symptoms include irritability, exhaustion, absence from work. Case conceptualization - - - correct answer ✅The integration and analysis of assessment data from which hypotheses about the person, situation, and possible interventions are based. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Case management - - - correct answer ✅Coordinating client care from a number of different service providers. Central relational paradox - - - correct answer ✅Asserts that individuals accustomed to invalidation or rejection often try to connect with others by holding back parts of their experience and feelings for fear that disclosure of these parts of themselves will lead to more rejection. Certification - - - correct answer ✅A process by which a professional group confirms that a practitioner has met a set of advanced educational and practice standards established by the certification agency or board. Change talk - - - correct answer ✅A term developed by Miller and Rollnick to describe the process by which a person articulates to himself or herself the reason why change is good and useful. Checking in - - - correct answer ✅A sustaining technique in which the clinician asks how things feel or seem to the client after a period of exploration. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Circular causality - - - correct answer ✅A principle of systems theory asserting that events in complex systems often exist as both causes and effects of each other. Client abandonment - - - correct answer ✅The unethical practice of "dumping" or deserting clients with whom the clinician has found it hard to work. Client drop-out - - - correct answer ✅The client abruptly ends the relationship without allowing a process of termination. Also called client unilateral termination. Client information variables - - - correct answer ✅Important information about client demographics including age, gender, ethnicity, and presenting problem. Client persona - - - correct answer ✅A client's values, beliefs, and personal background in the larger social, cultural, and familial contexts. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Clinician persona - - - correct answer ✅A clinician's values, beliefs, and past experiences, mediated by a familial and cultural background. Clinician unilateral termination - - - correct answer ✅The clinician ends the clinical relationship even if the client doesn't agree. Closed-ended questions - - - correct answer ✅Focused questions that can usually be answered with a word or two. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - - - correct answer ✅A form of psychotherapy that maintains that problems are caused by distorted thinking or faulty information processing. Cognitive empathy - - - correct answer ✅The ability to take the perspective of another, to understand the intentions, desires, and beliefs of another person by thinking about the other person's situation. Collaborative assessment - - - correct answer ✅Rather than have the clinician "assess" the client, the clinician and client actively work together as partners to gather and analyze information about the Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers client and the contextual and larger system influences that affect the client and his or her experiences. Common factors - - - correct answer ✅Attributes that account for successful outcomes, regardless of theoretical orientation. These include: clinician attributes such as warmth, acceptance, empathy, and competence; client attributes such as hope, social support, and the desire to change; and relationship attributes such as trust and collaboration. Compassion fatigue - - - correct answer ✅When clinicians listen to many painful stories, their ability to empathize with clients and the motivation to help alleviate their suffering may be compromised. Compassion satisfaction - - - correct answer ✅The emotional reward clinicians experience when they are able to help others. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) - - - correct answer ✅Holistic health specializations whose techniques are designed to bring about the harmonious integration of mind and body resources. Complementary medicine refers to medical and/or health practices that are used in addition to traditional Western or allopathic medicine, whereas alternative medicine refers to health Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers practices that are used instead of Western medical practices. Both are often discussed together under the term complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Complex trauma - - - correct answer ✅Exposure to repeated ongoing interpersonal violence such as that experienced by battered women. Compound crisis - - - correct answer ✅A situation in which a current crisis rekindles unfinished business from previous crises. Confidentiality - - - correct answer ✅A professional ethical standard ensuring the privacy of client-clinician communications, with special exceptions in cases where there is potential for the client to harm self or others, as well as other limited circumstances. Congruence - - - correct answer ✅When clinicians are genuine and authentic with clients, free of pretense and hypocrisy, and do not hide behind a mask of professionalism. Consecutive interpretation - - - correct answer ✅Language interpretation in which one party speaks, the interpreter conveys Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers with clients (or clients with them). These contracts are thus inauthentic for all practical purposes. Countertransference - - - correct answer ✅A term from psychodynamic theory to describe an unconscious process in which the clinician views the client as representative of an important figure from the clinician's past, and then behaves toward the client as though he or she were that person. Covering clinician - - - correct answer ✅A clinician who carries out supportive work with a client whose primary clinician is away for a time and who later provides the primary clinician with useful feedback about the client's reactions and work during the absence. Crediting client strengths - - - correct answer ✅The technique of stopping conversation to give clients deserved appreciation for their courage, determination, and accomplishments to sustain them at hard points of the work. Crisis - - - correct answer ✅An important turning point in events when action must be taken to avoid disaster or significant distress. A crucial time when action and change can lead to a worse or better outcome. It presents both a danger and an opportunity. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Critical incident review process - - - correct answer ✅A formalized and retrospective team process in which members review incidents of threats or harm to staff and plan strategies for managing such incidents in the future. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) - - - correct answer ✅The immediate and brief posttrauma process of education, ventilation, and validation of personal experiences, along with the preparation of survivors for ongoing coping around the complex aftereffects of the trauma. Critical thinking - - - correct answer ✅A form of theoretical critique that divides theories into their conceptual constructs, assumptions, and hypotheses; attempts to understand the history and context that inform these constructs; and evaluates their strengths, limitations, and practice implications. Cross-cultural psychology - - - correct answer ✅A branch of psychology that studies how human behavior is affected by cultural beliefs and attitudes. Also referred to as trans-cultural psychology. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Cry for help - - - correct answer ✅A client's self-harming or threatening behaviors that signal a need to elicit a response from the clinician or others. This may occur during the ending process and reflect strong reactions to the clinician's anticipated departure. Culturagram - - - correct answer ✅A clinical assessment matrix elaborating the complexities and interwoven influences of family, cultural, and contextual relationships, as well as the family's efforts to engage with cultural institutions for support. Cultural competencies - - - correct answer ✅Specific values, attitudes, techniques, and strategies to guide working with people in culturally responsive ways. Cultural concepts of distress - - - correct answer ✅A set of behaviors, often a combination of psychological and somatic symptoms, that are only found in specific localities, societies, or groups. It is assumed that these behaviors are influenced by local cultural factors. These are also called culture-bound syndromes. Culturally adapted ESTs - - - correct answer ✅Cultural variables, such as ways of expressing and communicating distress, specific cultural Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Decisional balance sheet - - - correct answer ✅A Motivational Interviewing tool for clarifying a client's beliefs and readiness for change through a cost-benefit analysis that weighs the client's investment in current troubling behaviors against proposed new behaviors. Decompensate - - - correct answer ✅The gradual process of becoming less organized and able to cope with adversity. Delayed grief reaction - - - correct answer ✅Lindemann's term to describe the phenomenon in which survivors of a recent loss suddenly experience grief from an earlier loss that was not grieved at that time. Desired outcomes - - - correct answer ✅Goals agreed upon by the clinician and client that express the positive aims of the working relationship. Goals should include clearly defined outcomes that are observable and measurable and can be used in assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Developing new metaphors - - - correct answer ✅Assisting clients to create alternative perspectives by helping them exchange the negative or powerless metaphors that structure their versions of Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers reality for more positive visions that can help them move rapidly toward positive change. Diagnosis - - - correct answer ✅A shorthand summary of a complex set of human behaviors and characteristics, often using medical or psychological terms to describe disorders and important related social factors for purposes of intervention planning and ongoing research. Diagnostic reliability - - - correct answer ✅The level of agreement between two or more clinicians about whether an individual meets the criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis, and if more than one diagnosis is applicable, which diagnosis is the primary one. Dialectical Behavior Therapy - - - correct answer ✅A specially tailored cognitive-behavioral program developed by Marsha Linehan that teaches hopefulness, self-acceptance, emotional stability strategies, and other coping skills to people whose powerful, poorly regulated feeling states and self-destructive impulses have made life hard for them and for people around them. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Direct influence - - - correct answer ✅Employing the symbolic power of clinical roles to pressure clients, subtly or overtly, to behave in given ways deemed important to their well-being or safety. Discrepancies - - - correct answer ✅Inconsistencies between two statements, between thoughts and feelings, between intentions and behaviors, and between verbal and nonverbal communication. Discrimination - - - correct answer ✅The unfair treatment of people because of prejudice, usually based on color, class, age, gender, sexual orientation, size, or ability, or on racial, ethnic, or religious group membership. Diversity - - - correct answer ✅The rich variations, permutations, and complex overlaps within the multiple identities of people. Dot-dot-dot reflection - - - correct answer ✅An interview response in which the clinician repeats back the last thing said and leaves it hanging, unfinished, in midair for the client to complete. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Emotional empathy - - - correct answer ✅The ability to feel as another person feels, to experience the emotional state of another. Emotional regulation - - - correct answer ✅The ability to self-soothe or calm oneself. Emotional regulation is essential for clinicians so that they can act in helpful ways instead of being overwhelmed by their empathy for a client. Empathic echo - - - correct answer ✅A verbal reflection of both the content and the affect within a client's story, to signal that the clinician is attending closely to what the client says and does in the moment. Empathic failures - - - correct answer ✅Clinical interactions in which clinicians reflect the wrong content, feeling, or meaning; miss important themes; pile on too much sympathy; confuse one client's story with another; or seem disingenuous. Empathy - - - correct answer ✅The process of experiencing the world from another's subjective perspective while maintaining one's own perspective as an outside observer. Empathy involves a constant oscillation between observing the client, feeling and thinking as if one were the client, and then feeling and thinking Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers about the client's experience in order to develop hypotheses about it. It has three components: affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and emotional regulation. Empirically supported treatment (EST) - - - correct answer ✅A specific method or technique that has been demonstrated through empirical research to be effective with a particular problem or disorder when used with clients from a clearly defined population. Empowerment perspective - - - correct answer ✅A practice philosophy that emphasizes the centrality of client participation and self-determination. Thus, the helping process is viewed as an "exchange among equals." Enabling helper - - - correct answer ✅People, including the clinician, who collude with the client's rationalizations of problems because they fear the client's anger or rejection if they address the problem directly. Environmental assessment - - - correct answer ✅Gathering information about the neighborhood and community of the client. For home visits, it includes determining which routes to the home are safest at various hours, how area residents regard outreach Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers workers, being aware of who is in the home and whether weapons may be present, as well as the location of exits in case danger arises within or outside a residence. Equipoise - - - correct answer ✅A conscious or intentional decision not to use one's professional presence and skills to influence a client toward making a specific choice or change. Essentialists - - - correct answer ✅Those who believe that there is something innate or biological about personal characteristics, such as race and ethnicity. Ethical dilemmas - - - correct answer ✅Conflicts arising between institutional and professional policies and ethics; between parts of an ethics code; between law and ethics; or between a professional's personal and professional values and an ethics code. Ethical principles - - - correct answer ✅Ethics code statements that describe overarching professional values, aspirational in nature, that are to serve as enduring benchmarks for professional conduct with clients and colleagues. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Exploring indirect references - - - correct answer ✅The technique of addressing a client's remarks about other situations or experiences that the clinician thinks may obliquely refer to the clinical relationship or represent issues or feelings arising in it. Exposure therapy - - - correct answer ✅The client is exposed to specifically identified anxiety-provoking stimuli, with the goal of eliminating anxiety through habituation. Exposure can be done in imagination, in real life (in vivo), or using virtual reality and Second Life technologies. Extrospection - - - correct answer ✅The process in which clinicians observe themselves in action with clients in order to see where the power in the interview is at the moment. They then adjust themselves as needed so that power stays with the clients. Facial mimicry - - - correct answer ✅An observer matches his or her facial musculature to the facial gestures in another person's facial expression. Facial mimicry helps us perceive and recognize the emotional experience of another, build rapport, and increase empathy. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Faith-based organizations - - - correct answer ✅Religious organizations that provide community services, support, and activities. Feeling-thinking - - - correct answer ✅A term developed by relational-cultural theorists to describe the intertwined bundles of thoughts and feelings that play off of and feed into each other powerfully and inseparably. Fiduciary relationship - - - correct answer ✅A relationship in which the clinician is legally or ethically responsible to provide safety, reliability, and confidentiality so that the client can have confidence that the clinician is trustworthy. Focal opening lines - - - correct answer ✅A clinician's opening remarks that lend structure to initial clinician-client interactions and often provide a conversational framework, agenda, and tone. Follow-up evaluations - - - correct answer ✅Interviews, tests, and other assessment measures used to determine how well client strengths, resources, and prospects are holding up over time after the termination of the clinical relationship. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Foreshadow the ending - - - correct answer ✅The technique of forecasting an ending so that both clinician and client can prepare and pace their discussion accordingly. Formal assessment - - - correct answer ✅A structured assessment for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment planning, or research. Evaluates the client's problems, overall functioning, current and past behaviors, strengths, relationships, cognitions, affect, and contextual influences. Formal contracts - - - correct answer ✅Written, highly specific, and concrete agreements that specify each goal's component objectives and the tasks, steps, participants, and timelines for accomplishing each. Formal diagnosis - - - correct answer ✅The process of determining if the client's problems or symptoms meet the specific DSM or ICD criteria for a disorder. Formal observations - - - correct answer ✅Target behaviors are clearly defined and their antecedents and consequences are viewed and noted. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers perceived clinician power and authority, whether the power is real or not. High context (HC) cultures - - - correct answer ✅Cultures that use indirect communication and nonverbal nuance, and rely on implicit meanings shared by those communicating. The emphasis is on the context of the exchange, not necessarily on what is said. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) - - - correct answer ✅Federal law protecting the privacy of those receiving health and mental health services. HIPAA requires that clinicians provide clients with a Notice of Privacy Practices and information about the use and disclosure of Protected Health Information, which must be signed by the client before the work begins. Holding environment - - - correct answer ✅The anchored, client- centered, and caring clinician presence that allows the client to stay self- and problem-focused without distraction or fear of judgment or abandonment. Homework - - - correct answer ✅Client work assigned between sessions, such as journaling, meditation, behavior logs, and meeting Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers attendance, to support client strengthening beyond the presence of the clinician. Homophobia - - - correct answer ✅The term used to describe bias, negative attitudes, and/or discrimination toward gay men and lesbian women, and to those perceived to be gay or lesbian, whether they are or not. Human-made disasters - - - correct answer ✅Events such as oil spills, toxic waste dump or biohazard lab leaks, nuclear accidents, the global transmission of viruses, or the wartime use of chemical weapons that leave widespread illness, disability, and fear of death. Hunches - - - correct answer ✅Informed guesses or working hypotheses about the client and his or her situation. ICD - - - correct answer ✅The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, which is most often used by clinicians outside the United States. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Identity - - - correct answer ✅An individual's self-conceptualization as well as the ways in which one defines oneself as part of larger groups or communities. Idiographic - - - correct answer ✅Information that focuses on one specific individual. Imaginal rehearsal - - - correct answer ✅Mentally practicing new behaviors and developing plans of action and new skills for responding to future challenges. Immediacy - - - correct answer ✅Gerard Egan's term for examining the moment. Impaired clinician - - - correct answer ✅A clinician whose own personal or mental health issues, stress, or other activities impact their ability to work effectively with clients. Inclusive cultural empathy - - - correct answer ✅Clinical empathy that incorporates exploration of and respect for the client's various cultural influences as well as a recognition of the clinician's. The Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Intentional use of self - - - correct answer ✅The clinical process of acting in a self-aware, considered, deliberate, and goal-focused manner with clients. Interpersonal Therapy - - - correct answer ✅A brief form of therapy that focuses on resolving or reworking clients' current, here-and- now interpersonal problems, losses, and transitions. It encourages expression of depressed and angry feelings and teaches coping skills through role-play interactions, discussion, and homework. Interpreters - - - correct answer ✅Trained professionals knowledgeable about the client's culture, the counseling process, and confidentiality, who are prepared to interpret both words and their meanings in a culturally sensitive way. Inter-rater reliability - - - correct answer ✅The level of agreement between two appropriately qualified observers rating the same behaviors. Intersectionality - - - correct answer ✅The concept used to describe the ways in which multiple social identities, such as race, class, gender, and sexual orientation interact and are affected by interlocking systems of oppression. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Intervals of respite - - - correct answer ✅Breaks in intense exploration or elaboration that protect the client from being overwhelmed. Intervention plans - - - correct answer ✅Statements of the agreed- upon goals of the clinical work and the proposed methods and resources for achieving these goals. Introspection - - - correct answer ✅The reflective process of looking within oneself to appraise the nature, intensity, and meanings of feelings, thoughts, and dynamics that can affect interpersonal behaviors and relationships. Islands of possibility - - - correct answer ✅Small client successes that can be amplified through review and discussion that kindle hope and further work toward goals. IS PATH WARM - - - correct answer ✅A mnemonic for use in evaluating suicide warning signs. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Kinesics - - - correct answer ✅The term used to denote bodily movements such as posture, facial expression, gestures, eye contact, and other forms of body movement, such as gait. Labeling - - - correct answer ✅Reducing the rich complexity of a person to a few behaviors, and then categorizing the person based on those behaviors. Leading questions - - - correct answer ✅A question that implies or suggests the answer that the questioner expects or prefers. Legal commitment - - - correct answer ✅A judicial process by which a person may be mandated to an appropriate psychiatric facility for further assessment or treatment for a specified period of time. Letter of termination - - - correct answer ✅A letter the clinician writes to a client after the client's abrupt and unexplained disconnection from clinical work, reassuring the client that the clinician or agency will be available for future contact if needed. Levels of inference - - - correct answer ✅Proximity of clinical inferences and conclusions to the data on which they are presumed Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Metacommunication - - - correct answer ✅Implicit messages about the communication, as well as about the relationship between the communicators. Metaphor - - - correct answer ✅A word or phrase (not meant literally) that clients or clinicians can use as a symbolic representation of experience. Microaggressions - - - correct answer ✅Acts of exclusion, victimization, harassment, verbal abuse, stereotyping comments, intimidation, and injustice, including everyday acts of racism whose cumulative effects are widely traumatizing. Mind/body programs - - - correct answer ✅Wellness-oriented programs that emphasize and work to harmonize the connections between people's physical, spiritual, and emotional states. Minority status - - - correct answer ✅A term denoting the social position of a numerically smaller or politically powerless group in relation to a larger, controlling, and politically dominant majority. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Miracle question - - - correct answer ✅Steve DeShazer's solution- focused technique of asking clients: "If a presenting problem were magically resolved while you were sleeping, what would be different on waking that would indicate that the problem is resolved?" Mirroring - - - correct answer ✅A skill in which the clinician subtly matches the client's posture, facial expression, and gestures, while being careful not to mimic or parrot them, in order to increase rapport and empathy. Can be used as a physical form of reflection. Mirror neurons - - - correct answer ✅Neurons that are activated not only by our own movements or feelings but also by watching another person's movements or feelings. They are often thought of as the biological basis of empathy. Modeling - - - correct answer ✅The principle that people will learn new behaviors, attitudes, values, and feelings by observing others who seem similar to themselves or who are respected authorities. Motivational Interviewing - - - correct answer ✅Miller and Rollnick's structured process for increasing motivation for change by helping Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers clients understand and resolve their ambivalences and patiently structure and time their change activities. Multicultural practice - - - correct answer ✅Recognizes, respects, and responds with informed thoughtfulness to the variety of differences within and between people. All clinician practice can be seen as multicultural, involving individuals from different cultures or backgrounds. Multidisciplinary team - - - correct answer ✅A collaborative group representing a variety of clinical disciplines whose case conceptualizations and formulations benefit from the specialized knowledge, skills, and biopsychosocial perspectives that each member contributes to the evaluation and planning process. Multiethnic - - - correct answer ✅A term denoting that an individual's or group's identity incorporates more than one ethnic heritage. Multiple identities - - - correct answer ✅The concept that people often identify themselves by many variables, including sexual orientation, gender, age, immigration, ethnicity, socioeconomic Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Negative transference - - - correct answer ✅An unconscious relational process in which a client expresses or reenacts in the moment old, unhappy, stuck scenarios with the clinician, as though the latter were actually the punisher, exploiter, molester, or indifferent parent of the past. The client, feeling angry or betrayed, may proceed to misinterpret the clinician's motives and behaviors. Nomothetic - - - correct answer ✅Information about a group of individuals that can be generalized to others. Nondirective opening lines - - - correct answer ✅A clinician's opening remarks that are deliberately open ended to give clients greater opportunity to set the agenda, pace, focus, and tone. Nonverbal communication - - - correct answer ✅A form of communication that includes physical appearance, body posture, gestures, movements, and facial expressions. Not-knowing perspective - - - correct answer ✅A viewpoint expressing two important aspects of clinical knowledge building: (1) It is okay not to know, and (2) clients often know more than we do about the realities of their experience and of everyday life. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Objectives - - - correct answer ✅The specific and concrete component parts of goals that are observable and measurable and that can be used in assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Observation - - - correct answer ✅A method of clinical assessment in which the clinician evaluates the client's behaviors and interactions in the interview setting, a lab, or a natural lifespace. Online counseling - - - correct answer ✅Delivering services to clients using any Internet-based sources of communication, such as email, videoconferencing, virtual reality platforms, and Internet-based tests or exercises. Open-ended questions - - - correct answer ✅Nondirective questions that keep clients in the driver's seat of the conversation by giving them more opportunity or flexibility in responding and elaborating. Oral interpreting - - - correct answer ✅A specialized form of verbal interpretation for people who are deaf or hard of hearing and who lip-read instead of signing. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Out-of-office contact - - - correct answer ✅Refers to anytime when the clinician sees the client in settings outside their normal meeting place, whether these meetings are planned or unplanned. Outreach - - - correct answer ✅The technique of following up with clients by phone, letter, or the Internet. Outreach can be used to try to bring closure and reassurance to the client when he or she has abruptly stopped coming before or during the ending process. Overidentification - - - correct answer ✅A psychological process in which clinicians emphasize the similarities between themselves and their clients, while minimizing or denying things that would reveal differences between them. Paralinguistic cues - - - correct answer ✅How things are said—the culturally influenced tone and pitch of voice; rate of speech; emphasis; and stuttering, sighing, and other vocalizations that give nuance and meaning to interpersonal communication. Parallel process - - - correct answer ✅The idea that what happens in the relationship between the supervisor and clinician parallels what is happening in the relationship between the clinician and client. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Positive mirror - - - correct answer ✅The technique of seeking out and reflecting an alternative positive view of the client, crediting small achievements the client may have overlooked or undervalued, and emphasizing positive connections that clients may already have in their lives. Positive Psychology - - - correct answer ✅A clinical theory that focuses on identifying and enhancing a client's positive traits, emotions, and activities. Positive Psychology Interventions - - - correct answer ✅Clinical work that enhances feelings of well-being and happiness by building and expanding a client's positive emotions, engagement with others, and capacity to lead a meaningful life. Positive transference - - - correct answer ✅A relational process in which the client idealizes the clinician and may experience him or her as incomparably wise, caring, and helpful. Positivity portfolios - - - correct answer ✅Collections of inspirational pictures, cards, objects, and sayings related to each of the emotions of joy, gratitude, serenity, interest, hope, pride, amusement, Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers inspiration, awe, and love. Clients turn to these collections to ward off emotional downturns. Postmodernism - - - correct answer ✅A worldview, sometimes called social constructivism, that maintains that individuals construct or create their own reality and the meaning of events in their lives. Posttraumatic growth - - - correct answer ✅The positive changes arising from a struggle with trauma. Posture of attention - - - correct answer ✅The physical manifestation or embodiment of the clinician's interest in and openness to the client, the story, the relationship, and the work together. Precipitating events - - - correct answer ✅The incidents or circumstances that set off a crisis. They may be catastrophic incidents or small things that are the last in a series of upsetting circumstances that leave the person feeling overwhelmed and unable to cope. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Prejudice - - - correct answer ✅Positive or negative bias, poorly informed opinions, or unjustified assumptions about individuals who belong to a certain group or who fit into a particular socially constructed category. Premature termination - - - correct answer ✅Refers to an ending that occurs before the clinician and client have met the goals they have established for their work together. Prioritize - - - correct answer ✅The technique of ranking goals and objectives in the order of their urgency, importance, and likelihood of achievement. Privilege - - - correct answer ✅Refers to the unearned advantages or benefits that are given to a person because of membership in a particular cultural group. Privileged communication - - - correct answer ✅Federal or state legal protections of confidentiality for certain types of client- clinician relationships or in specified situations. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Proscribed conversation - - - correct answer ✅An interview in which there are external restrictions on topics or content areas that clinicians can discuss with clients. Protective factors - - - correct answer ✅Strengths and supports that mitigate risk. Proxemics - - - correct answer ✅The scientific study of the degree and effect of spatial separation between people in the context of environment and culture. Pseudoquestions - - - correct answer ✅Clinician directives or commands disguised as questions. Psychological attending - - - correct answer ✅The discipline of putting aside personal distractions, worries, and self-concerns and setting up "radar" to receive the signals the client is sending. Psychological crisis - - - correct answer ✅A person feels unable to cope with perceived challenges that threaten to overwhelm his or her normal coping mechanisms. The destabilization in a crisis Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers provides an opportunity to restabilize at a higher or lower level of functioning. Psychological first aid - - - correct answer ✅Immediate intervention after a traumatic event to enhance one's coping ability. Psychological report - - - correct answer ✅A term often used to describe an assessment summary. Race - - - correct answer ✅A social construct often used to classify people based on geographic origin and presumed shared physical characteristics like skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While the concept of race is socially meaningful, there is no biological basis for racial categorization. Racial microaggressions - - - correct answer ✅Unintentional, often unconscious, racist behaviors toward People of Color, including microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations. Each of these behaviors devalues, offends, and injures its targets. Racial prejudice - - - correct answer ✅The belief that there are differences in human traits and capacities that are based on race Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers and these differences produce an inherent superiority of one race over another. Racial transference - - - correct answer ✅A relational process in which previous inter- or intra-racial experiences are unconsciously displaced onto the clinical relationship by either the client or the clinician, distorting their interactions. Racism - - - correct answer ✅A powerful force of race-based prejudice and discrimination with institutional power behind it that can be found in individuals, families, cultures, and sociopolitical structures and institutions. Random acts of kindness - - - correct answer ✅A technique in Positive Psychology Interventions in which clinicians ask clients to derive pleasure and good feelings from virtue-based acts such as charitable contributions and supportive gestures toward people in need of help. Clients are asked to undertake 15 such acts per week and record the effects on themselves and others. Randomized clinical trials - - - correct answer ✅Studies to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventions by monitoring their Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Regression under stress - - - correct answer ✅A psychological process in which clients return to outgrown behaviors under pressure because they are familiar, knee-jerk outlets for distress. Reinforcers - - - correct answer ✅Consequences or events that occur after a behavior, increasing the probability of its recurrence. Relational-cultural theory (RCT) - - - correct answer ✅A form of therapy that emphasizes that people grow through relationships with others and that relational development must be understood within the context of the participants' social and cultural identities. Emphasizes mutual empathy and mutual empowerment in the clinical relationship. Relational tending - - - correct answer ✅A relational technique of accurately noticing, addressing, and working through issues in the clinical relationship. Reliability - - - correct answer ✅The degree to which an assessment measure is consistent over time or in different settings or if used by different assessors. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Resilience - - - correct answer ✅The capacity to adapt competently to adverse or hazardous conditions. Resistance - - - correct answer ✅The client's reluctance or refusal to follow the clinician's leads or suggestions. Response-ability - - - correct answer ✅Janet Surrey's term for understanding what relationships require, developing relational skills, and remaining faithful to relationships even if it is not always easy to do so. RE-VIEW Practice Method - - - correct answer ✅The authors' suggested method of mastering clinical practice knowledge and skill application by reading about clinical concepts and techniques, seeing them applied by clinicians, and then practicing them and receiving useful feedback from instructors and colleagues. Risk factors - - - correct answer ✅Those characteristics or activities that increase a person's chances of a disease, injury, or harm in the future. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Risk management - - - correct answer ✅Activities designed to reduce clinician liability. Role-play - - - correct answer ✅Relational behavior simulations in which clinicians help clients prepare for difficult interactions with others by alternating roles and feedback in a brief scenario of exchanges similar to those the client faces elsewhere. Sabotage - - - correct answer ✅An act in which one member of a treatment team, who does not believe in the goals and plans that the team has established, encourages a client to undermine or act against the treatment plan. Salience of identity - - - correct answer ✅The importance and meaning of an individual's or group's identity varies depending on the situation. Scaling questions - - - correct answer ✅Clinical questions that ask clients to estimate the intensity of their emotional arousal, desire for change, or other variables on a scale of 1 to 10 or 1 to 100. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Lethality, actual Availability of imagined method, and the Proximity of social helping resources. Slowdowns - - - correct answer ✅A sustaining technique in which the clinician "taps the brakes" on the interviewing process, modeling patience and carefulness with self by signaling clients that there is no need to rush the unfolding story or feelings. Social construct - - - correct answer ✅A concept that is created by the needs, values, or beliefs of people in a society, for example, the concept of race or ethnicity. Social identity - - - correct answer ✅How one sees oneself and how other people see him or her as parts of larger groups or communities based on our race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, class, age, ability, and other socially constructed categories. Social identities are statused; some are valued more than others. Social justice perspective - - - correct answer ✅A point of view asserting that clinicians have a primary social responsibility to work for equal rights, resources, and opportunities for all people. Clinicians should also nourish structures and processes that Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers encourage growth and development while opposing all forms of oppression and environmental degradation. Societal norms - - - correct answer ✅Widely held standards and expectations of conduct, often codified into laws, to which all members of society are expected to adhere. Socratic questioning - - - correct answer ✅Asking the client questions that are outside of their field of attention but to which they know the answers, in order to help them reevaluate their thoughts or come up with new information or new perspectives. SOLER - - - correct answer ✅Gerard Egan's acronym for sitting Squarely in an Open posture, Leaning forward, making Eye contact, and Relaxing into the moment. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy - - - correct answer ✅A short-term therapy that focuses on asking clients questions that help them find solutions to their perceived problems. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Spontaneous remission - - - correct answer ✅The natural process by which client symptoms end or improve greatly without any assistance from professionals or programs. Stakeholders - - - correct answer ✅Friends, family, and others important to the client and to the problem-solving process, who have vested interests in the outcomes of the intervention. Stereotype - - - correct answer ✅A fixed, oversimplified, often biased collective image of members of a particular group based on its characteristics, beliefs, practices, or aspirations. Stigma - - - correct answer ✅The negative assumptions and prejudices attached to people because of their membership in particular devalued groups. Strength-based genogram - - - correct answer ✅A clinical assessment tool that clarifies important intergenerational models and sources of individual, family, and group assets and accomplishments. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Tactile signing - - - correct answer ✅Interpreting for people who are blind as well as deaf by making manual signs or finger spelling into a person's hands, using cued speech, and signing exact English. Tangential questions - - - correct answer ✅Clinician questions that veer from the main topic of the interview, taking side roads without good reason and creating an aura of aimless or poorly focused conversation. Technology-adapted assessment - - - correct answer ✅A form of technology-assisted assessment in which the technology reacts to information from the client's responses, and as a result adjusts or modifies the next steps of the assessment. Technology-assisted assessment - - - correct answer ✅The use of computers or other technological devices to gather assessment data, interpret the data, or write assessment reports. Termination - - - correct answer ✅The term traditionally used in clinical work to describe the process of ending. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Test-retest reliability - - - correct answer ✅The consistency of a test. The scores a person receives on a test should be consistent even if the test is given by different examiners or administered at different times. Themes - - - correct answer ✅Repeated or recurring sets of ideas and beliefs reflecting an underlying organizing principle. Theories of multicultural counseling - - - correct answer ✅Theories that emphasize the interactive effects of ethnicity, race, culture, class, gender, sexual orientation, spirituality, ability, and/or age. Theory - - - correct answer ✅A systematic set of principles used to understand and explain observable phenomena and to guide clinical work with clients. Three Good Things - - - correct answer ✅The Positive Psychology technique of helping clients counter depressive episodes by writing down for a week three good things that went well each day. Then, they reflect on what they may have done or said that contributed to the good things happening, and how that behavior has left them feeling now. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Timing - - - correct answer ✅A clinician's developed instinct and cultural sensitivity for what and how much to ask, when to ask it, and whom to ask. Token economy - - - correct answer ✅A specific form of contingency contracts in which clients earn tokens or points for desired behavior and pay tokens for designated misbehavior. Self-defined reinforcements can be purchased with tokens or points. Traditional healers - - - correct answer ✅People who are perceived to have special gifts or talents to help people deal with problems in their lives. Traditional or folk healers practice in many cultures and may work alongside modern Western medical providers. They often receive specialized education or training from elders or mentors. Transcultural psychology - - - correct answer ✅A branch of psychology that studies how human behavior is affected by cultural beliefs and attitudes. Also referred to as cross-cultural psychology. Transferability of skills - - - correct answer ✅The clinical concept asserting that one's strengths, talents, or methods of coping in one situation might work well in others. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Unconditional positive regard - - - correct answer ✅The appreciation and affirmation of clients as people of worth. The clinician communicates nonjudgmental acceptance and genuine care for the client. Underlining - - - correct answer ✅An interview response in which the clinician underscores important content or experience by the strategic use of verbal or nonverbal emphasis, often rendered through tone, facial expressions, or emphatic gestures. Universalizing - - - correct answer ✅A technique in which the clinician verbally situates the client in a community of people sharing similar feelings, experiences, or opinions. Universal shamanic tradition - - - correct answer ✅The belief that cultures have spiritual healers who act as messengers between the human and spiritual world in order to cure people of their ailments. Unplanned contacts - - - correct answer ✅Unintended encounters between clinicians and clients when they see each other outside their usual meeting place. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Unstructured interviews - - - correct answer ✅Assessment interviews that are flexible in focus so as to allow the clinician to follow the lead of the client. Using direct influence - - - correct answer ✅Employing the symbolic power of clinical roles to pressure clients, subtly and overtly, to behave in given ways deemed important to their well-being or safety. Validation - - - correct answer ✅The clinician's endorsement and appreciation of the realities of the client's story. Validation of the difficulty of disclosure - - - correct answer ✅The sustaining technique of recognizing and appreciating personal and cultural reluctance to share private matters with an outsider such as a professional interviewer. Validity - - - correct answer ✅How well an assessment measures what it intends to measure and how accurate a picture it gives of the person(s) assessed. Interviewing in Action in a Multicultural World, 5th Ed.B.C.Murphy.(2014). Exam Questions And Answers Vicarious resilience - - - correct answer ✅Refers to the way that clinicians who work with clients in crisis can learn from their clients about coping with adversity. Helps clinicians to counter their fatigue and desire to detach and motivates them to work with victims of trauma. Vicarious trauma - - - correct answer ✅A reaction found in clinicians who work with violence, abuse, and trauma. They may experience changes similar to the changes that occur in a traumatized individual: their worldview may be shattered, their faith in human nature may be challenged, and their personal relationships may suffer. Vicarious traumatic growth - - - correct answer ✅Positive changes in a clinician's worldview as a result of working with people in trauma. Includes increased faith in humans, the ability to focus on the important things in life, to feel good about their work, and to work for social justice. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy - - - correct answer ✅An exposure treatment that immerses severely anxious or traumatized clients in a computer-generated virtual environment relevant to each client's particular anxiety, with the sights, sounds, smells, and challenges the client would face in a real-world exposure. The therapist has a