intro to computational thinking, Schemes and Mind Maps of Computational and Statistical Data Analysis

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Lecture 1

Computer

programming

Dr. Doaa El-Shahat Computer Science, Zagazig university, Egypt

Computer system

Hardware software

Hardware

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• The CPU is used to: § Fetch instruction. § Decode the instruction. § Execute instruction.
• Finally, CPU produces some result.

Secondary storage

• Secondary storage is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time even when there is no power to the computer.
• The most common type of secondary storage device is the disk drive.

Software

1. System software : programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer § Operating systems : windows, linux and Macintosh § Utility programs : virus scanners, file-compression programs, and data-backup programs. § Software development tools that programmers use to create, modify, and test software, such as compilers and integrated development environments. 2. Application Software make the computer useful for everyday task, such as Microsoft Word, Web browsers and game programs

Program q A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task. q It is stored in the computer’s main memory. q A programming language is a special language used to write computer programs. q A computer’s CPU can only process instructions that are written in a machine language (numbers consisting of only 1’s and 0’s) 1011010000000101

Popular programming languages

Java

• Java is a high-level language.
• Easy to be understood by human.
• It is a portable language: § Java program can be written on one type of computer and then run on many other types of systems. § It only requires the program to be recompiled on each type of system.

Why Use Java? § Java works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, …) § It has a large demand in the current job market § It is easy to learn and simple to use § It is open-source and free § It is secure, fast and powerful § Java is an object_oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs § Java is close to C++ and C#, which makes it easy for programmers to switch to Java or vice versa.

Java

• The Java program is written and saved to a text editor.
• The statements written by the programmer are called source code and saved to a source file.
• The programmer runs the compiler , which translates the source code file into a byte code file.
• The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is an interpreter that reads and executes each byte code instruction.