Introduction to Statistics: Milestone 1 Exercises and Questions, Exams of Advanced Education

A series of exercises and questions related to introductory statistics concepts. It covers topics such as confidence intervals, sampling methods, bias, experimental design, and descriptive statistics. Practical examples and scenarios to illustrate key statistical principles.

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2024/2025

Available from 04/14/2025

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Intro to Statistics Milestone 1
In a bolt-manufacturing factory, it is estimated that 6% of the bolts being manufactured will be
defective, with a 3% margin of error.
Choose the statement that correctly describes the confidence interval. - The percentage of defective
bolts is between 3% and 9%.
Jay wants to study nutrition and performance in schools using available data.
Which of the scenarios below will provide Jay with available data? - Going to a local high school and
asking the principal for information about students' current and previous grades, then asking the health
teacher for the results from a survey students took in health class.
At a school of 900 students, 20% have blue eyes. A student randomly selects 100 students and finds 17%
of them have blue eyes. A second student takes another random sample of 90 students and finds 24% of
them have blue eyes.
Which of the following explains why there is a difference between the two percentages? - Random
error; the numbers were different due to variability inherent in sampling.
Which of these random samples represents a representative sample of the number of students in a
middle school who walk to school? - 150 random students at lunch
A survey result shows that cell phone usage among teenagers rose from 63% in 2006 to 71% in 2008.
Of the following choices, which two statements about cell phone use among teenagers is true? - Cell
phone usage rose by 8 percentage points.
Cell phone usage rose by 12.7%
Ben is measuring the effect that the potential energy of an object has on the height of an object's
bounce - Response variable
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Intro to Statistics Milestone 1 In a bolt-manufacturing factory, it is estimated that 6% of the bolts being manufactured will be defective, with a 3% margin of error. Choose the statement that correctly describes the confidence interval. - The percentage of defective bolts is between 3% and 9%. Jay wants to study nutrition and performance in schools using available data. Which of the scenarios below will provide Jay with available data? - Going to a local high school and asking the principal for information about students' current and previous grades, then asking the health teacher for the results from a survey students took in health class. At a school of 900 students, 20% have blue eyes. A student randomly selects 100 students and finds 17% of them have blue eyes. A second student takes another random sample of 90 students and finds 24% of them have blue eyes. Which of the following explains why there is a difference between the two percentages? - Random error; the numbers were different due to variability inherent in sampling. Which of these random samples represents a representative sample of the number of students in a middle school who walk to school? - 150 random students at lunch A survey result shows that cell phone usage among teenagers rose from 63% in 2006 to 71% in 2008. Of the following choices, which two statements about cell phone use among teenagers is true? - Cell phone usage rose by 8 percentage points. Cell phone usage rose by 12.7% Ben is measuring the effect that the potential energy of an object has on the height of an object's bounce - Response variable

A student group on a college campus wanted to create a survey about parking availability on campus. The student group randomly selected 300 students to take the survey. One of the questions read, "Many students believe the lack of available parking is a major problem. Do you agree or disagree?" Of the 300 students that took the survey, 285 surveys were returned. This survey will most likely suffer from which of the following types of bias? - Response bias An insurance firm wants to estimate the percentage of senior citizens in a small town with approximately 2,534 residents. It asks a group of 85 randomly selected people in the town about their age. Select the statement that is TRUE. - The sample is 85 people. The population is 2,534 people. A study in which results are measured without intervention from the researcher is called a(n) __________. - Observational study A factory manufactures bolts. One of its employees, working in the quality control department, checks the first 20 bolts manufactured in a day for possible defects. This is what type of sampling? - Convenience sampling It's Saturday afternoon, and Denise is going shopping. She stops by a department store because she needs a new pair of shoes. She has picked out three styles that she likes. The store associate asks, "What is your shoe size?" Which type of question has the store associate asked? - Closed question The manager of a food company wants to conduct a survey to find out whether consumers like or dislike a new brand of soup that was recently launched. Which of the following data collection methods is mostly likely to get unbiased results? - Ask customers from every region of the state which soup is the best. Jenae's study ignored the fact that only some of her coffee choices had caffeine, even though her co- workers preferred caffeinated coffee. Therefore, Jenae decided to label one type of decaffeinated coffee as having caffeine to see what would happen. As she anticipated, this coffee became more popular with her co-workers, and they claimed that the extra boost of caffeine helped them focus on their work.

Which of these is an example of descriptive statistics? - 80% of the surveyed customers like the taste of the pizza topping. To compare the teaching methodologies of two of its eighth-grade math teachers, a school decides to compare student test scores from the two classes throughout the year. Which type of statistical study is the school conducting? - Prospective observational study A sports trainer is going to do an experiment on the effect of Vitamin D supplements and his athletes. He randomly assigns all of his patients to either take Vitamin D supplements or take a placebo. What type of experimental design does this situation illustrate? - Completely Randomized Researchers want to study the effects of classical music and memory. One group of participants will take a memory test with classical music playing in the background, while the other group will take the memory test in complete silence. It is believed that age has an effect on memory. Which of the following would work best to test if classical music has an effect on memory? - A matched- pair design experiment Which of the following data types will be continuous? - Height of a toddler The following shows the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the years 2000-2005. All of the values use a reference year of 1983. - $100 in 1983 would be equivalent to $189.70 in 2004. A researcher would like to determine which age groups (18-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65 or older) in the United States currently identify playing golf as their favorite pastime. Which statistical study would be most appropriate to answer this question? - A survey Jessica uses a poorly calibrated stopwatch to note the finish time of a relay race. She noted the time as 125 seconds, whereas the actual time taken was 120 seconds. The percent error in Jessica's calculation is __________. - 4.2% Jenae changed the original coffee labels with plain white ones that had the flavor printed in bold black letters, and she placed them on the coffee pots for the week-long experiment.

Jenae used an aspect of experimental design known as ________ when she created the labels to have the same appearance. - a control In a survey of small business owners, a response to which of the following questions would be qualitative? - What type of business do you own?