IP Addressing and Subnetting: Understanding IPv4 Address Structure and Subnet Masks, Slides of Computer Networks

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COMPUTER Networks

Introduction

C O N N E C T I V I T Y 1 0 10 1 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 0 1 0 1

0 10 1 0 0 1@ 0 1 0 11 0

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Lecture Plan

• IPv4-Addressing Scheme
• ICMP
• IPv6 [Introduction]
• Conclusion

4

IP Address Structure

• 32 bits length
• Doted Decimal Notation
• Each address consist of two parts

 Network Portion  Host Portion

• Net Mask

 A 32 bit number  Used to identify network and host portions  All 1’s represent network number  All Zero represents host number  When bitwise &&ed with IP address generates network number  Routers use network mask for routing  Host use network mask for network identification

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Example

Network Part

Host Part

Network Mask

IP Address

Dotted Decimal Notation

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Routers and Netmask

R

R

Internet

Traffic

Internet Traffic

LAN-X

LAN-Y

LAN-Z Docsity.com

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Classfull Networking

 Each network require a unique IP address  Networks are defined according to class of IP Address  Addresses are assigned in range  Each range consist of one network number and many host numbers  i.e. 192.30.1.x is one address range with

• 192.30.1.0 network number [one network]
• X hosts [256]

Example

 A network with 4 separate LANs each with 50 hosts

• Require 4 network addresses
• If C class addresses are used 206*4 address are wasted
• A growth in network LAN will increase the routing problems

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Subnets and Subnetting

• Network

 A range of IP addresses with same network address

• Subnets

 A network is within internet with unique network address  Division of one network i.e. network address into many unique network addresses [ the process is termed as subnetting ]  For internet the network remain one single network  For internal routers there are many unique networks

• Making Subnets

 Consider x Bits or octets from host portion as part of network portion  Make these x bits 1 in the network mask [ now called subnet mask]  X bits are designated according to the number of subnets required

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Example-

• Example

 192.30.1.x can be divided into four subnets

• The subnet mask for such network will be

11111111,11111111,11111111,11000000 or 255.255.255.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 0 1 x x x x x x

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 0 0 x x x x x x

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 1 0 x x x x x x

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 1 1 x x x x x x

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Example-1 continue..

• IP address1 = 192.30.1.

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Subnet

Subnet

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Example-