Introduction Part 1-Solid State Physics-Lecture Slides, Slides of Solid State Physics

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EP 364 SOLID STATE

PHYSICS

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

 AIM OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS

 WHAT IS SOLID STATE PHYSICS

AND WHY DO IT?

 CONTENT

 REFERENCES

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

Crystalline Solids

 We will deal with crystalline solids, that is solids with an atomic structure based on a regular repeated pattern.

 Many important solids are crystalline.

 More progress has been made in understanding the behaviour of crystalline solids than that of non- crystalline materials since the calculation are easier in crystalline materials.

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

What is solid state physics?

 Solid state physics, also known as condensed matter physics, is the study of the behaviour of atoms when they are placed in close proximity to one another.

 In fact, condensed matter physics is a much better name, since many of the concepts relevant to solids are also applied to liquids, for example.

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

Solid state physics (SSP)

is the applied physics

 New technology for the future will inevitably involve developing and understanding new classes of materials. By the end of this course we will see why this is a non-trivial task.

 So, SSP is the applied physics associated with technology rather than interesting fundamentals.

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

Electrical resistivity of three

states of solid matter

 How can this be? After all, they each contain a system of atoms and especially electrons of similar density. And the plot thickens: graphite is a metal, diamond is an insulator and buckminster-fullerene is a superconductor.

They are all just carbon!

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

CONTENT

 Chapter 1. Crystal Structure

 Chapter 2. X-ray Crystallography

 Chapter 3. Interatomic Forces

 Chapter 4. Crystal Dynamics

 Chapter 5. Free Electron Theory

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

 Elementary Crystallography  Solid materials (crystalline, polycrystalline, amorphous)  Crystallography  Crystal Lattice  Crystal Structure  Types of Lattices  Unit Cell  Directions-Planes-Miller Indices in Cubic Unit Cell  Typical Crystal Structures (3D– 14 Bravais Lattices and the Seven Crystal System)  Elements of Symmetry

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 3.

INTERATOMIC FORCES

 Energies of Interactions Between Atoms  Ionic bonding  NaCl  Covalent bonding  Comparision of ionic and covalent bonding  Metallic bonding  Van der waals bonding

 Hydrogen bonding

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 4. CRYSTAL DYNAMICS

 Sound wave  Lattice vibrations of 1D cystal  Chain of identical atoms  Chain of two types of atoms  Phonons  Heat Capacity  Density of States  Thermal Conduction  Energy of harmonic oscillator  Thermal energy & Lattice Vibrations  Heat Capacity of Lattice vibrations

EP364 SOLID STATE PHYSICS INTRODUCTION

REFERENCES

 Core book: Solid state physics, J.R.Hook and H.E.Hall, Second edition (Wiley)  Other books at a similar level: Solid state physics, Kittel (Wiley) Solid state physics, Blakemore (Cambridge) Fundamentals of solid state physics, Christman (Wiley)

 More advanced: Solid state physics, Ashcroft and Mermin

CHAPTER 1

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

Elementary Crystallography Typical Crystal Structures Elements Of Symmetry

Crystal Structure 19

Matter

GASES

LIQUIDS

and LIQUID

CRYSTALS

SOLIDS

matter

Crystal Structure 20

Gases

 Gases have atoms or molecules that do not

bond to one another in a range of pressure, temperature and volume.

 These molecules haven’t any particular order

and move freely within a container.