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Introduction to Acids, Bases, and Buffers, Exams of Biochemistry

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Biochemistry

An introduction to the fundamental concepts of acids, bases, and buffers in chemistry. It covers the definitions and properties of arrhenius acids and bases, brønsted-lowry acids and bases, and the concept of neutralization. The document also discusses the differences between weak and strong acids and bases, the ph scale, and the role of buffers in maintaining ph. The information presented in this document is essential for understanding the behavior of chemical systems in various applications, including biology, environmental science, and industrial processes.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 08/14/2024

DrShirleyAurora
DrShirleyAurora 🇺🇸

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An introduction to General, Organic, and
Biological Chemistry Chapter 10- Timberlake
arrhenius acid -
produce hydrogen (H+) when they dissolve in water
electrolytes
in most foods
acid taste? -
sour
Turn blue litmus red? -
acid
arrhenius base -
produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
electrolytes
Bases taste? -
bitter or chalky, not found in food normally
bases feel? -
soapy or slippery
Turn litmus paper blue? -
base
Alkaline is.. -
the same as a base
naming bases -
typically they are names as hydroxides
NaOH- sodium hydroxide
KOH-potassium hydroxide
Brønsted-Lowry Acids -
an acid is a substance that donates a H+
Brønsted-Lowry Bases -
a base is a substance that accepts a H+
Neutralization -
acids neutralize bases and bases neutralize acides
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs -
there is always two pairs in an equation
Weak acids -
-dissociates only slightly in water to form a few ions in aqueous solutions
pf3

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An introduction to General, Organic, and

Biological Chemistry Chapter 10- Timberlake

arrhenius acid - produce hydrogen (H+) when they dissolve in water electrolytes in most foods acid taste? - sour Turn blue litmus red? - acid arrhenius base - produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water electrolytes Bases taste? - bitter or chalky, not found in food normally bases feel? - soapy or slippery Turn litmus paper blue? - base Alkaline is.. - the same as a base naming bases - typically they are names as hydroxides NaOH- sodium hydroxide KOH-potassium hydroxide Brønsted-Lowry Acids - an acid is a substance that donates a H+ Brønsted-Lowry Bases - a base is a substance that accepts a H+ Neutralization - acids neutralize bases and bases neutralize acides Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs - there is always two pairs in an equation Weak acids - -dissociates only slightly in water to form a few ions in aqueous solutions

-make up most of the acids -have strong conjugate bases Strong acids - -completely ionizes in aqueous solutions -only 6 common ones strong bases - are formed from metals in groups 1& dissociate completely in water equilibrium - -two reactions are taking place -a reversible reaction proceeds in both the forward and reverse directions Le Châtelier's Principle - states that when equilibrium is disturbed, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions change to relieve that stress and reestablish equilibrium. Equilibrium= add something to the reactant - system shifts in direction of products Equilibrium= add something to the product - system shifts in direction of reactant Equilibrium= removing something from the product - system shifts in direction of products Equilibrium= removing something from the reactant - system shifts in direction of reactant amphoteric - water is this. it can act as an acid or a base. Kw = - (H3O)(OH) Kw stands for? - 1.0 x 10 ^- Neutral solution - water The pH Scale - used to indicate the acidity of a solution, values that usually range from 0 to 14, acidic = less than 7, Basic= more than 7, neutral= neutralization reaction - acid reacts with a base to produce salt and water buffers -