Introduction to Active Directory-Computer Networks-Lab Mannual, Exercises of Computer Networks

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Computer Networking

Introduction to Active Directory

Advanced Server

Outline

 Types of networks

 Important Concepts

 Windows 2000 family

 Today’s Lab

Types of networks-

 Client / Server

 Dedicated Servers

 Central authentication

 Central resource sharing domain

 Well defined architecture and services to control large scale

networks

 Typical Components

• Domain Controller (Authentication Server)
• One or more DNS server
• One or more DHCP servers
• Resource sharing servers e.g. file server, print server,

Types of networks

 Centralized

 Mostly Unix based

 Controlled by a special server machine like VAX etc..

 Same like Client/Server model expect

• The clients are dumb terminals
• No hard disk, floppy drive at client end
• All resources are controlled by a central server
• All applications run on server machine

 Require high level of security

 Servers are expensive

Domain-

 Benefits of domain

 Centralized Administration

• Management of the entire domain can be done with access to one database.  Single Logon Process
• Access to network resources can be granted through a single logon.  Scalability
• Very large networks can be created.

Domain Controller

 On Windows Server Systems, the domain controller (DC) is

 The server that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, checking permissions, etc.) within the Windows Server domain.  A domain controller keeps record of all resources in a domain by the help of “Active Directory”

 Primary Domain Controller (PDC)

 The central domain controller  Windows NT based concept

 Backup Domain Controller (BDC)

 If there are more than one domain controller in a domain one is called PDC and others are referred to as BDC  Share responsibilities of PDC e.g. load sharing etc..  In case of PDC failure a BDC automatically becomes PDC  Windows NT based concept, not used in windows 2000

Active Directory Concepts

 Domain  Collection of Resources

• A domain is a collection of computers defined by the administrator of a Windows 2000 Server network that share a common directory database.  Unique Name
• A domain has a unique name and provides access to the centralized user accounts and group accounts maintained by he domain administrator.  Security Policy
• Each domain has its own security policies and security relationships with other domains and represents a single boundary of a Windows 2000 network.

 Domain Controller  Single Machine

• In a Windows 2000 Server domain, the domain controller is the computer running Windows 2000 Server that manages all user access o the network which includes logging on, authentication and access to the directory and shared resources.  Single Domain
• A domain controller cannot host more than one domain

Active Directory

 Domain Tree  A domain can have one or more child domains that forms a domain tree  Usually there is only one domain tree in a domain forest

 Domain Forest  There can be more than one domain tree in an organization that share information, such a structure is called a domain forest

 Domain Trust  A trust relationship is a relationship established between two domains that allows users in one domain to be recognized by a domain controller in the other domain.  Trusts let users access resources in the other domain

 Why domain tree and forest  Depending upon organizational needs such as size, resource location etc. a part of an organization can form a sub-domain or an independent domain

Windows 2000 Family

 There are four Windows 2000 operating systems:

 Windows 2000 Professional

• Supports up to two processors and up to 4GB of RAM
• Used as a workstation or client computer and it is the replacement for Windows NT Workstation.

 Windows 2000 Server

• Supports up to four processors and up to 4GB of RAM.
• It is used for web, application, print and file servers.

 Windows 2000 Advanced Server

• Supports up to eight processors and up to 8GB of RAM.
• It is used in an enterprise network and very useful as an SQL server.

 Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

• Supports up to 32 processors and up to 64GB of RAM.
• It is used in an enterprise network to support extremely large databases and real time processing.  Windows 2003 Advance Server

Active Directory Installation