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Introduction to Digital Image Processing, Summaries of Digital Image Processing

Salahaddin University (Kurdistan Region) (SU)Digital Image Processing

Introduction to Digital Image Processing

Typology: Summaries

2023/2024

Uploaded on 01/16/2024

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EENG 860 Special Topics: Digital Image Processing

Lecture 1: Introduction

Dr. Ahmadreza Baghaie

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

New York Institute of Technology

Spring 2020

Readings: Chapter 1, Chapter 2 (sections 2.1 to 2.4)

How to read: laid-back with pen and paper for occasional notes!

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1 / 38 EENG 860 Special Topics: Digital Image Processing

Lecture 1: Introduction

Dr. Ahmadreza Baghaie

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York Institute of Technology Spring 2020 Readings: Chapter 1, Chapter 2 (sections 2.1 to 2.4) How to read: laid-back with pen and paper for occasional notes!

Table of Content ● What is Digital Image Processing (DIP)? ● The Origins of DIP ● DIP Applications ● Fundamental Steps in DIP ● Components of a DIP System ● Elements of Visual Perception ● Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum ● Image Sensing and Acquisition ● (^) Image Sampling and Quantization

4 / 38 What is Digital Image Processing (DIP)? ● (^) Better categorization:

(^) Low-level processes: both input and output are images ● (^) Noise reduction ● (^) Contrast enhancement ● (^) Image sharpening
(^) Mid-level processes: inputs are images, outputs are image attributes ● (^) Segmentation ● (^) Classification of objects
(^) High-level processes: “making sense” of the ensemble of recognized objects, for performing cognitive functions. ● (^) DIP consists of processes whose inputs and outputs are images, and of processes that extract attributes from images.

The Origins of DIP ● (^) Earliest applications of digital images were in the newspaper industry, when pictures were sent by submarine cables across the Atlantic Ocean. ● (^) Specialized printing equipment coded pictures for transmission, then reconstructed at the receiving end. ● (^) Early systems were coding images in five distinct levels of gray. By end of 1920s the capability increased to 15 levels.

The Origins of DIP ● (^) Early examples of DIP dates back to Jet Propulsion Lab in 1964 for processing images of moon captured by Ranger 7. ● (^) The invention of Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT), or Computerized Tomography (CT) in 1970s is one of the most important events in the application of DIP in medical diagnosis.

DIP Applications ● (^) The areas of applications of DIP are numerous. ● (^) To categorize them, let’s focus on the images according to their sources.

(^) Electromagnetic;
(^) Acoustic;
(^) Ultrasonic;
(^) Electronics;
(^) Synthetic.

DIP Applications

DIP Applications Gamma X-ray Optical Infrared Radio

Fundamental Steps in DIP

Note 1: this is from the international version of the book. The US version is slightly different.
Note 2: not all sections of chapters are discussed.

Fundamental Steps in DIP

Note 1: this is from the international version of the book. The US version is slightly different.
Note 2: not all sections of chapters are discussed.

Components of a DIP System CloudCloudCloud Image displays Computer Mass storage Hardcopy Specialized image processing hardware Image sensors Problem domain Image processing software Network Cloud

Elements of Visual Perception Human Eye ● (^) Like a sphere with a diameter of 20 mm ● (^) Key components

(^) Lens & muscles
(^) Retina (with receptors)
(^) Cones in fovea. ● (^) 6-7 millions of cone cells. ● (^) Very sensitive to color. ● (^) Photopic or bright-light vision.
(^) Rods in the rest of retina. ● (^) 75-150 millions of rod cells. ● (^) No color sensitivity. ● (^) Sensitive to low-level illumination. ● (^) Scotoptic or dim-light vision

Introduction to Digital Image Processing, Summaries of Digital Image Processing

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Lecture 1: Introduction

Dr. Ahmadreza Baghaie