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ISDS 3105 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Syntax - Answers-the rules governing how a language should be used and interpreted. HTML 5 Network - Answers-a structure in which information and services are shared among devices (hosts and nodes) Node - Answers-A network location that can access and share information and services. Host - Answers-Any network device that is capable of sending and/or receiving data electronically Server - Answers-A host that provides information or a service to other devices on the network Client - Answers-A device that receives network information or services. Client-server network - Answers-A common network design in which clients access information provided by one or more servers Local area network or LAN. - Answers-A network confined to a small geographic area, such as within a building or department wide area network or WAN. - Answers-A network that covers a wider area, such as several buildings or cities; typically consist of two or more interconnected local area networks Internet - Answers-The largest WAN in existence; incorporates an almost uncountable number of networks and hosts involving computers, mobile devices (such as phones, tablets, and so forth), MP3 players, and gaming systems; The biggest obstacle to effectively using the Internet is - Answers-the network's sheer scope and size. When and who developed a system of hypertext documents that may the internet more usable? - Answers-1989 by Timothy Berners-Lee and other researchers at the CERN nuclear research facility near Geneva, Switzerland Hypertext - Answers-A method of organizing information in which data sources are interconnected through a series of hyperlinks that users activate to jump from one data source to another Hyperlink - Answers-A link within a hypertext document that can be activated to access a data source.
Hypertext is ideally suited for the Internet because? - Answers-End users don't need to know where a particular document, information source, or service is located—they only need to know how to activate the link World Wide Web - Answers-The totality of these interconnected hypertext documents on the Internet; not the same as the internet Web Server - Answers-A server that stores documents on the web and makes web pages accessible to the network Web Pages - Answers-A document stored by a web server and accessed by a web browser; a simple text file written in HTML Web browser - Answers-A software program that retrieves and displays web pages; retrieves the document from the web server and renders it locally in a form that is readable on a client device HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - Answers-A markup language that supports the tagging of distinct document elements and connecting documents through hypertext links Markup Language - Answers-a language that describes the content and structure of a document by "marking up" or tagging, different document elements; World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - Answers-A group of web designers and programmers that set the standards or specifications for browser manufacturers to follow; has no enforcement power, but, because using a uniform language is in everyone's best interest, the recommendations are usually followed; Each new version of HTML goes through years of discussion and testing before it is formally adopted as the accepted standard HTML 4.01 - Answers-The fourth version of HTML, released in 1999, that provided support for multimedia, online commerce, and interactive scripts; had many incompatibilities in how HTML was implemented across different browsers and how HTML code was written by web developers. XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language) - Answers-create in an attempt by WC3 take control of what had been a haphazard process and enforce a stricter set of standards; A version of HTML in which syntax standards are strictly enforced. Was supposed to be replaced with XHTML 2.0 after 2002 but 2.0 was rejected due to its inability to be backward compatible with HTML and, as a result, older websites could not be easily brought into the new standard; by 2006, work on XHTML 2.0 had completely stalled Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) - Answers-A group formed in 2004 to develop HTML5 as a rival version to XHTML 2.0; in 2006 W3C issued
ex. for html5: or Older versions of HTML had more complicated doctypes quirks mode - Answers-An operating mode in which the browser renders the web page based on styles and practices from the 1990s and early 2000s; may occur when doctype is absent (common with early versions of HTML) standards mode - Answers-An operating mode in which the browser renders the web page in line with the most current HTML specifications; occurs when doctype is present The difference between quirks mode and standards mode - Answers-the difference between a nicely laid-out page and a confusing mess element tag - Answers-The fundamental building block in every HTML document; marks every element in the document; Starting tag - Answers-The tag that marks the start of the element content; Ending tag - Answers-The tag that marks the end of the element content; The general syntax of a two-sided element tag - Answers-content empty element - Answers-An element that is either nontextual or contains directives to the browser about how the page should be treated; entered using one of the following forms of the one-sided element tag:
or
br element - Answers-line break; empty element;
(
also acceptable is HTML but / is good form) nested elements - Answers-An element contained within another element;
Welcome to Curbside Thai.
closing for nested must be within first element incorrect:
Welcome to Curbside Thai.
em element - Answers-used to mark emphasized text
Welcome to Curbside Thai.
html element - Answers-first element in HTML doc after doctype; marks the entire document
head element - Answers-Within the html element; used to mark information about the document itself body element - Answers-within the html element; used to mark the content that will appear in the web page body element is always placed ______ the head element. - Answers-after element attributes - Answers-Elements will often contain one or more; The part of an element that provides information to the browser about the purpose of the element or how the element should be handled by the browser content or
ex,
Welcome to Curbside Thai.
attribute minimization - Answers-Element attributes that do not require an attribute value
Placeholder Text
HTML file is a text file composed of - Answers-text characters and whitespace characters white-space character - Answers-An empty or blank character such as a space, tab, or line break How does a browser treat white space in an HTML file? - Answers-it ignores the presence of white-space;
Welcome to Curbside__________Thai.
(where underscores are spaces) treated the same as
Welcome to Curbside Thai.
What will a browser do with consecutive occurrences of white-space characters? - Answers-It will collapse consecutive occurrences into a single occurrence.
operator is a logical operator (such as less than or greater than), version is the version number of an Internet Explorer browser, and content is the HTML code that will be run only if the conditional expression is true sectioning elements - Answers-An element used to define major topical areas in the document i.e. aside, address, article, body, etc.; also referred to as semantic elements because the tag name describes the purpose of the element/the type of content it contains div elements have _____ rules for the ids - Answers-no; caused a problem in 4.01 with lack of consistency in naming sections; 5 has pre defined (header body etc.) grouping elements - Answers-within sectioning elements; An element that organizes similar content into a distinct group, much like a paragraph groups sentences that share a common theme i.e. blockquote, div, p etc. text-level elements, - Answers-within grouping elements; An element within a grouping element that contains strings of the characters or page content; act like phrases or characters within a paragraph; Unlike sectioning or grouping elements (that start content on a new line and mark a self-contained block of content) text-level elements are inline elements Inline elements - Answers-An element in which the content is placed in line with surrounding page content rather than starting on a new line. i.e. italicized or boldface text, a (hyperlink), br (line break), etc. Style Sheet - Answers-A set of rules defining how page elements are displayed Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) language - Answers-what style sheets are written in; A style sheet language supported by the W3C and used in web page design; link your HTML file to a style sheet file using the following link element
Character set - Answers-A collection of characters and symbols which contains every character your browser is capable of rendering American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - Answers-The character set used for the English alphabet Unicode - Answers-the most extended character set, supporting up to 65,536 symbols and can be used with any of the world's languages &#code; - Answers-code is the reference number. Each character from a character set is associated with an encoding value that can then be stored and read by a computer program; © ; displays
Character entity references - Answers-Another way to insert a special symbol; a short memorable name used in place of the encoding reference number; &char; & copy; displays copyright symbol Can also be used to force html to display multiple white space
embedded content - Answers-Content that is imported from another resource, often nontextual embedded elements - Answers-An element containing embedded content such as graphic images, audio soundtracks, video clips, or interactive games. Also called interactive elements because an element that allows for interaction between the user and the embedded object.
wbr (word break) element - Answers-indicate where a line break should occur if needed but this break happens only if the address will not fit on one line. Ordered lists - Answers-used for items that follow some defined sequential order, such as items arranged alphabetically or numerically; marked using the ol element with each list item marked using the li element. :
California Texas New York
rendered in most browsers as:
- California
- Texas
- New York To display different numbering, you use the start and reversed attributes California Texas New York Or you can explicitly define the item value by adding the value attribute to each list item. The list shown previously could also have been generated with the following code: California Texas New York Unordered lists - Answers-used for lists in which the items have no sequential order item1 item2 ... nested lists - Answers-A list that is placed inside another list.
Item 1
/folder1/folder2/folder3/file where folder1 is the root folder, followed by the subfolders /thai/docs/catering/ct_catering.html Relative path - Answers-A folder path expressed relative to the location of the current document; folder1/folder2/folder3/file where folder1, folder2, folder3, and so forth are subfolders of the current document. docs/general/ct_about.html You define a different starting point for relative paths - Answers-by adding the following base element to the document head
where url is the location that you want the browser to use when resolving relative paths; useful when a single document from the website is moved to a new folder Once you've marked the location with an ID, you link to that element using the following hypertext link - Answers-content on a different page: View our Lunch Menu Within the current page: View our Lunch Menu URL general structure - Answers-scheme:location where scheme indicates the resource type and is taken from the network protocol; location provides the resource location scheme can be file, fax, http, etc. protocol - Answers-A set of rules defining how information is passed between two network devices. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Answers-The protocol used by devices on the web website URLs general structure - Answers-http://server/path/filename#id where server is the name of the web server hosting the resource, path is the path to the file on that server, filename is the name of the file, and if necessary, id is the name of an id or anchor within the file add s to end of http for secure connections Domain Name - Answers-The server name portion of a URL.
extension - Answers-The top level of a URL, indicating the general audience supported by the web server Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) - Answers-The registration authority used to register the top levels of every domain name to avoid duplicating domain names e-mail address hypertext - Answers-mailto:address mailto:[email protected] Spam - Answers-unsolicited e-mail sent to large numbers of people, promoting products, services, and in some cases inappropriate websites; e-mail lists created by scanning discussion groups, stealing Internet mailing lists, and using programs called e- mail harvesters to scan HTML code for the e-mail addresses contained in mailto URLs e-mail harvesters - Answers-An automated program that scans web pages for e-mail addresses Telephone link - Answers-Call: 555-1151 ext. 22 Modules - Answers-A component of CSS3 that focuses on a particular design topic. A website's design is usually the product of __________ style sheet - Answers-more than one; hierarchy of style sheets - Answers-Starts from the browser style sheet and then superseded by the user-defined style sheet, external style sheets, embedded style sheets, and concluding with inline styles browser styles or user agent styles - Answers-first styles to be processed; styles built into the browser itself. In the absence of competing styles from other style sheets, a browser style is the one applied to the web page user-defined styles - Answers-A style defined by the user based on settings made in configuring the browser; user-defined style has precedence over its browser style counterpart. ex. a user with a visual impairment could alter the browser's default settings to display text with highly contrasting colors and a large font size external styles - Answers-A style created by the page author and placed into a CSS file and linked to the page; supersedes user-defined styles embedded styles - Answers-A style added to the head of an HTML file inline styles - Answers-highest in the order of precedence; added as element attributes within an HTML document and thus apply to that element alone
The more _________ style rule has precedence over the more _________ style rule. - Answers-specific; general i.e paragraph over body style inheritance - Answers-The principle by which style properties are passed from a parent element to its children. browsers developer tools - Answers-allowing the designer to view HTML code, CSS styles, and other parts of the web page; make it easier for the designer to locate the source of a style that has been applied to a specific page element; each browser's are different and are constantly being updated and improved with every new browser version !important - Answers-CSS keyword that forces a particular style to override the default style sheet cascade. property: value !important; Style sheet comments - Answers-/* comment / CSS ignores the presence of white space - Answers-/ comment / equivalent to / comment */ CSS document: to define the character encoding - Answers-@charset "encoding"; utf-8 most common encoding CSS at-rule - Answers-CSS rule that directs how the browser should interpret and parse the CSS code @import - Answers-used to import the contents of a style sheet file @import url(url); CSS supports ______ color names - Answers-147; from common names such as red, green, and yellow to more exotic colors such as ivory, orange, crimson, khaki, and brown.
Color values - Answers-A numeric expression that defines a color CSS3 supports two types of color values: - Answers-RGB values and HSL values. RGB triplet - Answers-A color value indicating the red, green, and blue values of a color. Intensities range from 0 (absence of color) to 255 (maximum intensity); thus, the color white has the value rgb(255, 255, 255). Also can be displayed as hexadecimal and percentages[rgb(100%, 65%, 0%)] rgb(red, green, blue) hexadecimal number - Answers-A number expressed in the base 16 numbering system; RGB values are sometimes expressed as such #redgreenblue rgb(255,255,0) equivalent to #FFFF HSL color values - Answers-based on a color model in which each color is determined by its hue, saturation, and lightness. hsl(hue, saturation, lightness) hsl(38, 90%, 60%) Hue - Answers-The tint of a color, represented by a direction on the color wheel; values range from 0° up to 360°, where 0° matches the location of red on the color wheel, 120° matches green, and 240° matches blue Saturation - Answers-The intensity of a chosen color, ranging from 0% (no color) up to 100% (full color). lightness - Answers-The brightness of a chosen color, ranging from 0% (black) up to 100% (white) opacity - Answers-A measure of the solidness of a color, ranging from 0 to 1. rgba(red, green, blue, opacity) hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, opacity) define the text and background color for each element - Answers-color: color; background-color: color; html selector - Answers-selects the entire HTML document
To apply the same style rule to all elements of a particular class - Answers-omit the element name. .intro {color: blue;} Typography - Answers-The art of designing the appearance of characters and letters on a page font-family property - Answers-used specify a different font for any page element font-family: fonts; where fonts is a comma-separated list font stack - Answers-A comma-separated list of fonts defined in the font-family property specific font - Answers-a font that is identified by name, such as Times New Roman and based on a font definition file that is stored on the user's computer or accessible on the web generic font - Answers-A general description of a font face serif - Answers-a typeface in which a small ornamentation appears at the tail end of each character sans-serif - Answers-a typeface without any serif ornamentation monospace - Answers-a typeface in which each character has the same width; often used to display programming code cursive - Answers-a typeface that mimics handwriting with highly stylized elements and flourishes; best used in small doses for decorative page elements fantasy - Answers-a highly ornamental typeface used for page decoration; should never be used as body text Order of fonts - Answers-list specific fonts first, in order of preference, and end the font stack with a generic font. If the browser cannot find any of the specific fonts listed, it uses a generic font of its own choosing. font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; web safe fonts - Answers-A font that is displayed mostly the same way in all operating systems and on all devices. General rule for printing fonts - Answers-use sans-serif fonts for headlines and serif fonts for body text
web font - Answers-A font in which the font definition is supplied to the browser in an external file. @font-face { font-family: Gentium; src: url('Gentium.woff') format('woff'), url('Gentium.ttf') format('truetype'); } @font-face rule - Answers-Used to access and load a web font; @font-face { font-family: name; src: url('url1') format('text1'), url('url2') format('text2'), ...; descriptor1: value1; descriptor2: value2; ... } @font-face { font-family: Gentium; src: url('GentiumBold.woff') format('woff'), url('GentiumBold.ttf') format('truetype'); font-weight: bold; } font-size property - Answers-font-size: size; Absolute units - Answers-Units that are fixed in size regardless of the output devices; five standard units of measurement: mm (millimeters), cm (centimeters), in (inches), pt (points), and pc (picas) relative units - Answers-A unit that is expressed relative to the size of other objects within the web page or relative to the display properties of the device itself. Basic unit is pixels pixel (px) - Answers-A single dot on the output device; the actual pixel size depends on the resolution and density of the output device. scalable - Answers-The principle by which text is resized using relative units; three relative measurements used to provide scalability: percentages, ems, and rems.
hanging indent - Answers-A layout in which the first line extends to the left of the block. indentation value here is negative font-style property - Answers-font-style: type; where type is normal, italic, or oblique font-weight property - Answers-font-weight: weight; where weight is the level of bold formatting applied to the text; Keywords: bold for boldfaced text, normal for non-boldfaced text and bolder or lighter to express the weight of the text relative to its surrounding content. text-decoration property - Answers-text-decoration: type; where type equals none (for no decoration), underline, overline, or line-through; supports multiple types text-decoration: underline overline; no effect on non-textual elements, such as inline images. text-transform property - Answers-text-transform: type; where type is capitalize, uppercase, lowercase, or none (to make no changes to the text case). font-variant property - Answers-font-variant: type; where type is normal (for no variation) or small-caps (small capital letters). Small caps are often used in legal documents, such as software agreements, in which the capital letters indicate the importance of a phrase or point, text-align property - Answers-text-align: alignment; where alignment is left, right, center, or justify (align the text with both the left and the right margins). vertical-align property - Answers-vertical-align: alignment; where alignment is one of the keywords (baseline, bottom, middle, etc.), specified length or a percentage for an element to be vertically aligned relative to the surrounding content. A positive value moves the element up shorthand font property - Answers-font: style variant weight size/height family;
font: italic small-caps bold 1.5em/2em Arial, sans-serif; list marker - Answers-A symbol displayed alongside a list item To change the type of list marker or to prevent any display of a list marker, apply the list-style-type property list-style-type: type; ol {list-style-type: upper-roman;} for nested list: ol {list-style-type: upper-roman;} ol ol {list-style-type: upper-alpha;} ol ol ol {list-style-type: decimal;} For image marker: list-style-image: url(url); ul {list-style-image: url(redball.png);} list-style-position property - Answers-list-style-position: position; where position is either outside (the default) or inside. Outside starts the text for each bullet and each line in the same place with the bullet further to the left of all text. Inside creates an indent on the first line where the bullet goes and the next line starts where the bullet is rather than where the first line of text is shorthand list-style property - Answers-list-style: type image position; where type is the marker type, image is an image to be displayed in place of the marker, and position is the location of the marker. ul {list-style: circle url(bullet.png) inside;} box model - Answers-A layout model in which element content is surrounded by padding, border, and margin spaces. padding space - Answers-The part of the box model that extends from the element content to the element border. border - Answers-CSS property that adds a border around all sides of an element, surrounding the padding space margin space - Answers-The part of the box model that surrounds the element border up to the next page element
