Erika Rogers, Ph.D.
Dept. of Computer Science
California Polytechnic State University
San Luis Obispo, Ca
RAS/IFRR Summer School on
"Human-Robot Interaction"
July 19-23, 2004
Introduction to
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
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Introduction to. Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) ... technology). Usability. HCI. (computers & software applications) ... Typical Topics in HCI (cont'd).
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Erika Rogers, Ph.D. Dept. of Computer Science California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, Ca RAS/IFRR Summer School on "Human-Robot Interaction" July 19-23, 2004
Introduction to
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Human Factors
- Originated within US military during WW
- Badly designed weapons can kill your own forces instead of the enemy the birth of usability
- Applied to industry and product development
Overview I
Human Factors (artifacts, products & technology) Usability
HCI
(computers & software applications)
What is HCI?
- The study of relationships between
people and computers/computer-
mediated information
- The design, development and
evaluation of models, systems,
techniques and applications from a
human-centered perspective
Typical Topics in HCI Human cognition
- perception; visual/auditory cognition; ecological interfaces; motion cognition; memory and attention; meaning and representation; learning; language understanding; mental models and metaphors Designing for collaboration & communication
- information visualization; online communities; dialog models; presentation styles; group dynamics; groupware and discussion-ware
Typical Topics in HCI (cont’d) Understanding how interfaces/technology affect users
- ergonomics; safety-critical systems; work environments; social and behavioral impact (individual and group); diversity and the digital divide User-centered approaches to interaction design
- identify needs and establish requirements; integrate users into design, prototyping and construction phases
Why Do We Need HCI?
- Software forgets
- Software is lazy
- Software is inflexible
- Software blames and abuses users
- Software won’t take responsibility
- Software will thwart your goals and
ambitions
What’s the Problem, Anyway?
- Alan Cooper, The Inmates are Running the Asylum But the nature and needs of the computer are utterly alien to the nature and needs of the human being who will eventually use it.” “In the programmer’s mind, the demands of the programming process not only supercede any demands from the outside world of users, but the very languages of the two worlds are at odds with each other.” “To be a good programmer, one must be sympathetic to the nature and needs of the computer.
What’s the Problem, Anyway? Unfortunately, their frame of reference is themselves, so they only make it easy to use for other software engineers, not for normal human beings.”
“Programmers aren’t evil. They work hard to
make their software easy to use.
How Users Really Feel
What is Usability?
- The ease, speed and pleasantness with which intended people can use a product
Usability
- Usability as an outcome : applications, websites (and robots?) that are usable
- Usability as a process : a methodology or approach (usually called “user-centered design”)
- Usability as a set of techniques : usability testing, contextual inquiry, heuristic evaluation – there are many techniques whose aim is to improve usability
- Usability as a philosophy : where improved usability is a value that motivates the way in which products are developed “is a measure of the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction satisfaction with which specified users can achieve specified goals in a particular environment.” (ISO
Traditional Software Engineering
User-Centered Development – How is it Different? User-centric, not data-centric
- involves users in the entire process as much as possible Highly interdisciplinary
- draws on knowledge from a multitude of areas: art, psychology, technical writing, computer science, etc. Highly iterative
- involves as much testing and revision as possible, especially before final implementation