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Introduction to Information Technology By Dr.P.Rizwan Ahmed
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CONTENTS Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgement
1.1 Introduction 1.2 Information Technology – Definition 1.3 Information Technology for Business 1.4 Basic Concepts of Information Technology 1.5 Technological Trends in IT 1.6 Career Overview: Information Technology 1.7 Applications of Information Technology 1.8 Information technology law Summary
2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Computer Defined 2.3 Characteristics of a Computer 2.4 Limitations of Computers 2.5 Generation of Computers 2.6 Difference between the Generations of Computers 2.7 Classification of Computers 2.7.1 On the basis of working principle 2.7.2 On the basis of Size and Capacity 2.8 Applications / Uses of Computers in different fields 2.8.1 Applications of Computers in Education 2.8.2 Applications of Computers in Industries 2.8.3 Applications of Computers in Business 2.8.4Applications of Computers in Entertainment 2.8.5 Applications of Computers in Home 2.8.6 Applications of Computers in Weather Forecasting 2.8.7 Applications of Computers in Airline Systems 2.9 Basic Anatomy of the Computer 2.10 The Parts of a Computer System
2.21.2 Application Software 2.22 Difference between System Software and Application Software 2.23 Device Drivers 2.24 Computer Viruses, Bombs, Worms 2.25 Types of Viruses 2.25.1 Worm 2.25.2 Trojan Horse 2.25.3 Logic Bombs 2.26 Categories of Viruses 2.26.1 Boot Viruses 2.26.2 Program viruses 2.26.3 Macro Viruses 2.26.4 Antivirus Software 2.27 Office Automation 2.27.1 Office Suite tools 2.27.2 Needs for Office Automation 2.27.3 Office Functions needed to be automated Summary Review Question Chapter 3 Data and Information 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Data, Information, and Knowledge 3.3 Distinguish between Data and Information 3.4 Meaning of Information 3.5 Types of Information 3.5.1 Strategic Information 3.5.2 Managerial Information 3.5.3 Operational Information 3.6 Attributes of Information Summary Review Question Chapter 4 Number Systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Number System 4.2.1 Binary Number System 4.2.2 Octal Number System 4.2.3 Decimal Number System 4.2.4 Hexadecimal Number System
4.3 Representation of Numbers Systems 4.4 Number Base Conversions 4.4.1 Decimal to Binary Conversion (Integer 4.4.2 Binary to Decimal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.3 Octal to Decimal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.4 Decimal to Octal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.5 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.6 Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.7 Octal to Binary Conversion (Integer) 4.4.8 Binary to Octal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.9 Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion (Integer) 4.4.10 Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.11 Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion (Integer) 4.4.12 Octal to Hexadecimal Conversion (Integer) 4.5 r’s Complement 4.5.1 1’s Complement 4.5.2 Subtraction using 1’s Complement 4.6 2’s Complement 4.6.1 Subtraction using 2’s Complement 4.7 Comparison of 1’s Complement and 2’s Complement 4.8 (r-1)’s Complement 4.8.1 9’s Complement 4.8.2 10’s Complement 4.8.3 Subtraction using 9’s complement 4.8.4 Subtraction using 10’s complement Summary Review Question Chapter 5 Data Processing 5.1 Data Processing Concepts 5.1.1 Data 5.1.2Data Processing 5.1.3 Information 5.2 Data Processing Cycle 5.3 Computer Processing Operations 5.4 Data Processing System 5.5 Data Organization Summary Review Questions Chapter 6 Data Communication and Computer Networks 6.1 Data Communication
7.10.1 Characteristics of IP address 7.11 Internet Protocol (IP) 7.12 Domain Name Addressing 7.13 Web Browser 7.14 Uniform Resource Locator (URL) 7.15 Domain Name System (DNS) 7.15.1 Generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) 7.15.2 Country code top- level domains (ccTLD) 7.16 Internet Explorer 7.17 Features of Internet Explorer 6 7.18 Browser Settings 7.18.1 Enable Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 7.18.2 To delete cookies in Internet Explorer 6 7.18.3 Increasing the size of the text 7.18.4 Changing the display on the screen 7.19 Instant Messaging (IM) 7.19.1 Popular IM Programs 7.20 Download and Upload 7.21 Online and Offline 7.22 Types of internet connections 7.23 Modem 7.23.1 Working principle of a modem 7.24 E-mail 7.24.1 Creating an mail id 7.24.2 Sending a mail 7.24.3 Receiving a mail 7.24.4 Attaching a file 7.25 Functions of e-mail 7.26 Advantages of e-mail 7.27 Disadvantages of e-mail 7.28 Search Engine 7.28.1 List of Search engines 7.29 Internet Relay Chat (IRC) 7.30 Internet Security 7.31 Client – Server Computing 7.31.1 Advantages of Client/Server Computing 7.32 Distributed Computing 7.33 Microsoft .NET 7.34 Online Help and Tutorials 7.35 Searching the internet 7.36 Wireless Internet Access 7.37 ISDN 7.38 Dial-Up 7.39 Broadband 7.40 Wi-Fi
7.41 Internet Terminologies Summary Review Questions Chapter 8 Multimedia and its Applications 8.1 Introduction to Multimedia 8.2 Definition of Multimedia 8.3 Importance of Multimedia 8.4 Uses of Multimedia 8.5 Elements of Multimedia 8.5.1 Text 8.5.2 Images 8.5.2.1 Image File Formats 8.5.3 Graphics 8.5.4 Animation 8.5.5 Sound / Audio 8.5.6 Video 8.6 Authoring Tools 8.7 MIDI 8.8.1 Multimedia in Education 8.8.2 Multimedia in Entertainment 8.9 Desktop Publishing Basics 8.10 Computer Animation 8.11 Page Layout Programs 8.11.1 Page Formatting 8.11.2 Paper Size (Page Size) 8.11.3 Page Orientation 8.11.4 Margins 8.11.5 Print Preview 8.12 Text Generation 8.13 Graphics for DTP 8.14 Print Production Summary Review Questions Chapter 9 Operating System 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Definition of Operating System 9.3 Objectives of OS 9.4 History of OS / Evolution of operating systems 9.5 Function of Operating System 9.6 Classification of Operating System 9.6.1 Desktop Operating System
11.4.3 Taskbar 11.4.4 Start Menu 11.4.5 Files and Folders 11.5 Windows Anatomy/ Structure of Windows 11.6 Control Panel 11.7 File Management 11.7.1 Windows Explorer 11.7.2 Navigating through My Computer 11.8 Backing of files 11.9 Importance of File Management 11.10 Files and Folders 11.10.1 Creating a New Folder 11.10.2 Copying Files or Folders 11.10.3 Moving Files or Folders 11.10.4 Editing a Files and Folders 11.10.5 Deleting Files or Folders 11.10.6 Retrieving Files and Folders 11.10.7 Renaming Files and Folders 11.11 Manipulating Windows 11.11.1 Minimize 11.11.2 Maximize 11.11.3 Restore 11.11.4 Close 11.12 Network Administration and Security 11.12.1 Network Setup Wizard 11.12.2 Sharing a Printer 11.12.3 Sharing Resources on Network 11.12.3.1 Sharing Drives and Folders 11.12.4 Working with user accounts 11.12.5 Password Recoverage 11.12.6 Internet Explorer Security Summary Review Questions Chapter 12 Word Processing with Ms-Word 12.1 Word Processor: Introduction 12.2 Features of word processing 12.3 Getting Started with Microsoft Word 12.4 Components of MS-Word / Microsoft Word Environment 12.5 Working with word document 12.5.1 Creating a new document 12.5.2 Opening an existing document 12.5.3 Saving a document
12.5.4 Closing a document 12.6 Navigation and Selection in MS-Word 12.6.1 Navigation in MS-Word 12.6.2 Selection in Ms-Word 12.7 Text Manipulations 12.8 Text Formatting 12.9 Using Cut, Copy and Paste 12.10 Spell Check and Grammar 12.11 Finding and Replacing text 12.12 Undo and Redo 12.13 Bullets and Numbering 12.14 Header and Footer 12.15 Border and Shading 12.16 Working with Multiple Columns in a document 12.17 Page Formatting 12.17.1 Paper Size (Page Size) 12.17.2 Page Orientation 12.17.3 Margins 12.17.4 Print Preview 12.18 Printing a document 12.19 Inserting Special Symbol and Characters 12.20 Drop Cap 12.21 Autocorrect 12.22 Inserting date and time 12.23 Inserting Page Number 12.24 Mail Merge in Word 2000 12.25 Mail Merge in Word 2003 12.26 Basic steps to create a mail merge 12.27 Creating Table 12.28 Working with Table / Table Manipulation 12.28.1 Inserting rows and Columns 12.28.2 Deleting rows and columns 12.28.3 Merging Cells 12.28.4 Splitting Cells 12.29 Drawing table 12.30 Graphics Tools 12.30.1 AutoShape 12.30.2 Inserting a picture 12.30.3 Inserting a Clip Art 12.30.4 Watermark 12.30.5 Word art 12.31 Creating Templates 12.32 List of MS Word Short Cut keys Summary Review Questions
13.15.1.3 Date and Time functions 13.15.1.4 Text Functions Summary Review Questions Chapter 14 Making Presentation with PowerPoint 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Features of Power Point 14.3 Starting Microsoft PowerPoint 14.4 Working with MS-PowerPoint 14.4.1 Creating a new presentation 14.4.2 Opening an existing presentation 14.4.3 Saving a Presentation 14.4.4 Closing a Presentation 14.5 Components of PowerPoint Window / PowerPoint Environment 14.6 Different types of Views 14.14 Working with Slide 14.7.1 Inserting a Slide 14.7.2 Deleting a Slide 14.7.3 Changing Slide Layout 14.8 Formatting the Slide 14.8.1 Apply Design Template 14.8.2 Background 14.8.3 Slide color scheme 14.8.4 Duplicating Slide 14.9 Slide Transitions 14.10 Animating to the text 14.11 Inserting Clip art 14.12 Spell Checking the Presentation 14.13 Creating tables 14.14 Organization Chart 14.15 Movies, Sound and CDs 14.15.1 Insert Movies 14.15.2 Insert Sound 14.16 Running a Slide Show 14.17 Printing in PowerPoint 14.18 Publishing Presentation to the Web Summary Review Questions
Chapter 15 Database Management with Microsoft Access 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Features of MS Access 15.2 Relational Database 15.3 Starting Access and Opening a Database 15.4 Database Components/ Data base Object 15.4.1 Tables 15.4.2 Queries 15.4.3 Forms 15.4.4 Reports 15.4.5 Pages 15.4.6 Macros 15.4.7 Modules 15.5 Building Database Tables 15.5.1 Creating Tables in Design View 15.5.2 Adding and Deleting Fields to Tables 15.5.3 Data Types 15.5.4 Primary Key 15.5.5 Entering and Editing Data 15.5.6 Sorting and Finding Records 15.5.7 Sorting Records 15.5.8 Searching Records 15.6 Creating a table using Wizard 15.6.1 Table Relationships 15.7 Queries 15.7.1 Different types of Queries 15.15 Creating Queries 15.8.1 Creating Queries using design view 15.8.2 Creating Queries using wizard 15.9 Importing Excel data to Access 15.10 Creating Forms 15.10.1 Creating a forms using design view 15.10.2 Creating a forms using wizard 15.11 Creating Report 15.12 Creating a report using report wizard 15.13 Quitting Access Summary Review Questions Chapter 16 Data Base Management System 16.1 Introduction
17.7.4 Delete table 17.8 Data Control Language (DCL) 17.8.1 Grant 17.8.2 Revoke 17.9 Transactional Control Language (TCL) 17.9.1 Commit 17.9.2 Rollback Review Questions Chapter 18 HTML 18.1 History of HTML 18.2 Introduction 18.3 HTML Tags 18.3.1 Paired Tags or Container Tags 18.3.2 Singular Tags or Empty Tags 18.4 Advantages of HTML 18.5 Disadvantages of HTML 18.6 Structure of HTML document 18.6.1 Head Section 18.6.2 Body Section 18.7 Basic Commands or Tags in HTML 18.7.1 Bold 18.7.2 Italic 18.7.3 Underline 18.7.4 BODY Tag 18.7.5 Center : --- 18.7.6 Line Break : ---
18.7.8 Heading Styles 18.7.9 Horizontal: tag 18.7.10 Font: --- 18.8 Lists 18.8.1 Ordered List 18.8.2 Unordered List 18.8.3. Definition List 18.9 Creating Table 18.9.1 Attributes 18.10 Linking Documents 18.10.1 Formatting the Link 18.11 Adding Graphics to HTML documents 18.11.1 Image Attributes 18.12 Frames 18.12.1 Tag18.12.2 Attributes Summary Review Questions Chapter 19 JavaScript 19.1 Scripting Languages 19.2 Types of scripting languages 19.2.1 Client-Side Scripting 19.2.1.1 Limitation on client-side scripting 19.2.1.2 Examples of Client-Side Scripting languages 19.2.2 Server-Side Scripting 19.2.2.1 Advantages of Server-side Scripting 19.2.2.2Disadvantages of Server-side Scripting 19.2.2.3 Examples of server-side scripting languages 19.3 JavaScript 19.4 Uses of JavaScript 19.5 Advantages of JavaScript 19.6 Why use JavaScript? 19.7 Enabling JavaScript in various browsers 19.8 Warning for Non-JavaScript Browsers 19.9 Writing JavaScript 19.10 JavaScript Syntax/ Add JavaScript to HTML 19.11 JavaScript Data Types 19.12 JavaScript Variables 19.12.1 Declaring JavaScript variables 19.12.2 Rules for JavaScript Variables 19.13 JavaScript Variable Scope 19.14 JavaScript Operators 19.14.1 Arithmetic Operators 19.14.2 Comparison Operators 19.14.3 Logical Operators 19.14.4 Bitwise Operators 19.14.5 Assignment Operators 19.14.6 Conditional Operator (? :) 19.14.7 typeof Operator 19.15 Arrays in JavaScript 19.15.1 Creating Arrays in JavaScript 19.15.2 Accessing Arrays in JavaScript 19.16 Dialog Box 19.16.1 alert( ) 19.16.2 prompt( ) 19.16.3 confirm ( ) 19.17 Functions in JavaScript
21.2 Definition of MIS 21.3 What is Management Information System? 21.4 Evolution of MIS 21.5 Objectives of MIS 21.6 Why Management Information System? 21.7 Structure of MIS 21.7.1 MIS Structure Based on the Physical Components 21.8 Advantages of MIS 21.9 Characteristics of MIS 21.10 Role of MIS 21.11 Uses of MIS 21.12 Prerequisites of an Effective MIS 21.13 Impact of MIS 21.14 Limitations of MIS 21.15 MIS and Other Disciplines 21.15.1 Computers and MIS 21.15.2 Academics and MIS 21.15.3 Management Accounting and MIS 21.15.4 Operations Research and MIS 21.15.5 MIS versus Data Processing 21.16 MIS for a Business Organization Summary Review Questions Chapter 22 Information System Audit 22.1Introduction 22.2 Basic idea of Information Audit 22.3 Benefits of an information audit 22.4 Different approaches to information auditing 22.5 IS Audit (Information System Audit) 22.5.1 Purpose of IS Audit 22.5.2 Elements of IS Audit Summary Review Questions Chapter 23 E-Commerce 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Evolution of E-Commerce 23.3 Definition of E-Commerce 23.4 Nature of E-Commerce 23.5 Scope of Electronic Commerce
23.5.1 Electronic market 23.5.2 Electronic Data Interchange 23.5.3 Internet Commerce 23.6 Issues in Implementing Electronic Commerce 23.7 Impacts, Challenges and Limitations of E‐commerce 23.8 Traditional Commerce versus E-Commerce 23.9 Classification of e-Commerce / Major Categories of E-Commerce 23.9.1 Business to Business (B2B) 23.9.2 Business to Consumer (B2C) 23.9.3 Business to Government (B2G) 23.9.4 Consumer to Business (C2B) 23.9.5 Consumer to Consumer (C2C) 23.10 Difference between B2B, B2C and C2C 23.11 Applications of E-Commerce 23.12 Benefits of E-Commerce 23.13 Advantages of Electronic Commerce 23.14 Disadvantages of Electronic Commerce 23.15 e-Commerce Technologies 23.15.1 Cyber banking 23.15.2 Implementing online financial services 23.15.3 Role of electronic real estate market. 23.15.4 Online Job Market 23.16 Electronic Commerce Framework 23.16.1 Common Business Services 23.16.2 Messaging and information distribution services 23.16.3 Multimedia content and network publishing services 23.16.4 Information Services 23.16.5 Public Key and Privacy Issues 23.16.6 Technical Standard 23.17 Consumer Oriented Applications 23.18 Mercantile process Models 23.19 Mercantile models form the consumer’s perspective 23.20 Mercantile models form the merchant’s perspective 23.21 Electronic Payment System 23.21.1Credit Cards 23.21.2 E-Cash 23.21.3 Smart Card 23.21.3.1 Smart card Applications 23.22 Difference between conventional and electronic payment systems 23.23 Digital Certificate 23.24 Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) 23.24.1 Categories of EFT 23.24.2 Advantages of EFT 23.25 List of Banks in India using EFT
