INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTER
TO COMPUTER
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A Comprehensive Overview of Computers: History, Uses, and Types, Assignments of Computer science
An in-depth exploration of computers, including their definition, history, areas of usage, and various types. From the abacus to modern-day supercomputers, discover how computers have evolved and transformed our world.
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTER TO COMPUTER
COMPUTER:COMPUTER:
Commonly Operating Machine Commonly Operating Machine
Particularly used for Trade Education and Particularly used for Trade Education and
Research. Research.
Definition: Definition:
Computer is an Electronic Device.Computer is an Electronic Device.
It receives input,processes it andIt receives input,processes it and
produces Output. produces Output.
Data can be saved and then it can beData can be saved and then it can be
used at any time. used at any time.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER:HISTORY OF COMPUTER:
ABACUS ABACUS :(First Machine for Maths):(First Machine for Maths)
It is a calculating Machine. It is a calculating Machine.
Beads String Frame
ABACUSABACUS
It is invented by French Mathematician It is invented by French Mathematician
Blaise Pascal. Blaise Pascal.
It has a rectangular frame and beads are insertedIt has a rectangular frame and beads are inserted
onto the string. onto the string.
There are several rows of strings.There are several rows of strings.
It is first used for addition, subtraction, and thenIt is first used for addition, subtraction, and then
it is used for Multiplication and division. it is used for Multiplication and division.
Pascal’s Calculator:Pascal’s Calculator: It has gear wheels ,each contain ten teeth. It has gear wheels ,each contain ten teeth. Each tooth contain the numbers from 0 to 9. Each tooth contain the numbers from 0 to 9. Babbage’s Analytical Engine: Babbage’s Analytical Engine: Charles BabbageCharles Babbage invents this device.invents this device. He is the father of the computer.He is the father of the computer. It has three parts. One is for input, second one is forIt has three parts. One is for input, second one is for processing and the third one is for output. processing and the third one is for output.
Punched Cards:Punched Cards: It is made of a pulp paper.It contains holes. It is made of a pulp paper.It contains holes. Punching the holes is recognised as input.(Machine made Punching the holes is recognised as input.(Machine made holes in the cards). holes in the cards). ENIAC - Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator. ENIAC - Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator. These computers used vacuum tubes.These tubes These computers used vacuum tubes.These tubes require large amount of heat to operate and it also requires require large amount of heat to operate and it also requires heavy air condition. heavy air condition.
Second Generation(1958-1964):
It involves the use of transistors.It is more efficient and cheaper.It required only minimum amount of current.but heavy heat is produced. But it is better than first generation.
Assembly Level Languages are produced. High Level Languages such as COBOL, (^) FORTRAN are produced.
Magnetic Core is used or Memory.
- • Third Generation(1965-1976):Third Generation(1965-1976): More than one transistors are More than one transistors are integrated onto one chip.It is called as integrated integrated onto one chip.It is called as integrated circuit.It operated at high speeds.Keyboard and circuit.It operated at high speeds.Keyboard and mouse are used for giving inputs and Monitor is used mouse are used for giving inputs and Monitor is used for output. for output.
TYPES OF COMPUTERSTYPES OF COMPUTERS
- • Mainframe ComputersMainframe Computers
- • Mini ComputersMini Computers
- • Micro ComputersMicro Computers
- • Super ComputersSuper Computers Mini computer: Mini computer: It is a popular computer which is a small & more expensive.It is a popular computer which is a small & more expensive. It is a general purpose computer used by more than one user.It is a general purpose computer used by more than one user. It can handle large tasks.It can handle large tasks.
Mainframe Computer:Mainframe Computer: It is generally more powerful It is generally more powerful and more than 40,000 user can use this and more than 40,000 user can use this computers. It perform very large task computers. It perform very large task & large organization & large scale & large organization & large scale jobs. jobs.
Super ComputerSuper Computer :: This system is largest, fast This system is largest, fast & most expensive computers in the & most expensive computers in the world. They are used for complex world. They are used for complex scientific, defence applications. scientific, defence applications.