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Biology Exam: Structural Formula, Cell Components, and Metabolic Pathways - Prof. Jerry J., Exams of Biology

The University of Texas at AustinBiology
Prof. Jerry J. Brand

This document consists of questions from a biology exam covering various topics such as structural formula analysis of molecules, cell components, and metabolic pathways. The questions determine if a molecule contains specific functional groups, its size and type, the components of the endomembrane system, the role of signal peptides, and the components and functions of different organelles. Additionally, the document includes questions about the efficiency of photosynthesis, alternative reactants in metabolic pathways, and the role of hormones in signal transduction.

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/26/2009

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Spring 2008 Final Exam p. 1 BIO 311C Brand
BIOLOGY 311C - Brand
Spring 2008
NAME (printed very legibly) __________________KEY__________________ UT-EID ________________
FINAL EXAMINATION
Before beginning, check to be sure that this exam contains 10 pages (including front and back), numbered
consecutively, and that you have been provided with a clean Answer Sheet. Then immediately print your name
and UT-EID legibly at the top of this page. Also print and bubble in your name and your UT-EID (not your
social security number) on the front of the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided. The first 60 questions are
“multiple choice”, with only one correct answer. Mark the letter corresponding to the correct answer to each of
these questions in the appropriate location on the Answer Sheet, using a No. 2 pencil. Write answers to
Questions 61 – 64 directly on this exam, in the spaces provided with the questions. Print letters corresponding
to matching answers neatly. Turn in both this exam and the Answer Sheet after checking to be sure that your
name is clearly written in both places and all questions have been answered in the appropriate locations. You
must turn in your exam on or before 5:00.
1. The molecule whose structural formula is illustrated at right:
a. contains an acid anhydride bond.
b. is a dibasic phosphate.
c. is a diphosphate.
d. is an organic phosphoric acid.
2. Which one of the following is true of a typical hydrogen bond?
a. It is stronger than a typical covalent bond.
b. Its bond angle is 180°.
c. Its bond strength is 400 kJ/mole.
d. It links two nonpolar functional groups together.
3. According to the “black box” properties described in this course, the smallest unit of the living state is the:
a. single organism.
b. single cell.
c. genome.
d. chromosome.
4. Which one of the following is not true of all living cells?
a. They contain one or more mitochondria.
b. They are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
c. They contain genetic information (DNA).
d. They contain characteristic classes of organic molecules such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
5. The diameters of smallest cells (except for cells that are parasites within other cells) are approximately:
a. 100 µm.
b. 100 nm.
c. 0.5 µm.
d. 0.5 nm.
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Download Biology Exam: Structural Formula, Cell Components, and Metabolic Pathways - Prof. Jerry J. and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOLOGY 311C - Brand Spring 2008

NAME (printed very legibly) __________________ KEY __________________ UT-EID ________________

FINAL EXAMINATION

Before beginning, check to be sure that this exam contains 10 pages (including front and back), numbered consecutively, and that you have been provided with a clean Answer Sheet. Then immediately print your name and UT-EID legibly at the top of this page. Also print and bubble in your name and your UT-EID (not your social security number) on the front of the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided. The first 60 questions are “multiple choice”, with only one correct answer. Mark the letter corresponding to the correct answer to each of these questions in the appropriate location on the Answer Sheet, using a No. 2 pencil. Write answers to Questions 61 – 64 directly on this exam, in the spaces provided with the questions. Print letters corresponding to matching answers neatly. Turn in both this exam and the Answer Sheet after checking to be sure that your name is clearly written in both places and all questions have been answered in the appropriate locations. You must turn in your exam on or before 5:00.

  1. The molecule whose structural formula is illustrated at right: a. contains an acid anhydride bond. b. is a dibasic phosphate. c. is a diphosphate. d. is an organic phosphoric acid.
  2. Which one of the following is true of a typical hydrogen bond? a. It is stronger than a typical covalent bond. b. Its bond angle is 180°. c. Its bond strength is 400 kJ/mole. d. It links two nonpolar functional groups together.
  3. According to the “black box” properties described in this course, the smallest unit of the living state is the: a. single organism. b. single cell. c. genome. d. chromosome.
  4. Which one of the following is not true of all living cells? a. They contain one or more mitochondria. b. They are surrounded by a plasma membrane. c. They contain genetic information (DNA). d. They contain characteristic classes of organic molecules such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
  5. The diameters of smallest cells (except for cells that are parasites within other cells) are approximately: a. 100 μm. b. 100 nm. c. 0.5 μm. d. 0.5 nm.
  1. According to the three-domain system of classifying all living organisms, which one of the following is not a member of Eukaryota (the eukaryotes)? a. Fungi b. Protists c. Plants d. Archea
  2. Which one of the following is not true of typical prokaryotes? a. They contain a single circular chromosome. b. They contain 70S ribosomes. c. They contain microfilaments and microtubules. d. Their envelope includes a plasma membrane and an outer membrane.
  3. According to the definitions that were applied throughout this course, the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells can be divided into two major components – the cytoplasmic matrix and: a. membrane-bounded organelles. b. the nucleus. c. occlusions. d. the plasma membrane.
  4. A signal peptide that is produced during translation binds to a signal recognition particle, which then: a. inhibits the transcription of genes that code for proteins to be exported from the cell. b. inhibits the enzymatic activity of the first enzyme of a metabolic pathway. c. targets a functional polypeptide chain to the plasma membrane. d. targets the ribosome and its attached polypeptide chain to the endoplasmic reticulum.
  5. Which one of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells? a. A golgi body b. A mitochondrion c. The plasma membrane d. The nuclear envelope
  6. Keratin and lamins are rather inert structural components of animal cells that are classified as: a. intermediate filaments. b. microfilaments. c. cellulose microfibrils. d. microtubules.
  7. Basal bodies and centrioles of animal cells contain: a. intermediate filaments. b. microfilaments. c. cellulose microfibrils. d. microtubules.
  8. Mature plant cells do not typically contain: a. plasmodesmata. b. a thick cell wall. c. a central vacuole. d. lysosomes.
  1. The secondary structure of a protein is stabilized by: a. disulfide bonds. b. phosphodiester bonds. c. hydrophobic bonding. d. hydrogen bonds.
  2. A polypeptide chain that is correctly folded into its functional 3-dimensional shape is said to be: a. denatured. b. in its native conformation. c. oligomeric. d. conjugated.
  3. The difference between the nucleotides GDP and 2’-deoxy-GDP is in: a. their phosphate functional group. b. the number of hydrogen bonds they normally form. c. their sugar component. d. their nitrogen base.
  4. Which one of the following is not considered to be an information molecule in living cells? a. Protein b. Polysaccharide c. DNA d. RNA

The following two questions refer to the molecule whose abbreviated structure is illustrated at right.

  1. The structure shown as “A” is a(n): a. phosphate b. purine c. pyrimidine. d. amino acid.
  2. The number of hydrogen bonds that the “U” would form during complementary base pairing of this molecule is: a. 1. b. 2. c. 3. d. 4.
  3. If a typical living human cell such as a red blood cell is immersed in pure water, then it is expected to: a. swell up and burst. b. shrink to a smaller volume. c. remain nearly the same size. d. first swell up, then shrink back to its original size after contractile vacuoles are synthesized.
  4. The two components of a molecule identified as a glycoprotein are protein and: a. lipid. b. nucleic acid. c. carbohydrate. d. inorganic ion.
  1. Which one of the following is not an important hydrogen-atom carrier in living cells? a. FAD b. GTP c. NAD+ d. NADP+
  2. A metabolic pathway that produces ATP and generates a final product that is more oxidized than the starting reactant is said to be: a. anabolic. b. catabolic. c. exergonic. d. endergonic.
  3. Which one of the following is a product of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction (also called the pyruvate dehydrogenase metabolic pathway)? a. CO 2 b. NADPH c. Glucose d. Lactate
  4. The overall efficiency of photosynthesis (i.e. the percent of the light energy absorbed by chlorophyll that is captured as energy in sugar molecules) is approximately: a. 0.03 %. b. 1.5 %. c. 24 %. d. 98 %.
  5. The function of cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis is to produce: a. ATP. b. NADPH. c. O 2. d. H 2 O.
  6. An alternative reactant to CO 2 in the reaction catalyzed by RUBISCO, which causes photorespiration, is: a. H 2 O. b. triose phosphate. c. O 2. d. pyruvate.
  7. A substance that is produced and secreted by one kind of cell (a donor cell) of a multicellular organism, and then moves through the body to elicit a response in another kind of cell of the same organism, is called a(n): a. vitamin. b. enzyme. c. cofactor. d. hormone.
  8. G proteins and tyrosine kinases are directly involved in: a. signal transduction pathways. b. active transport across membranes. c. primary charge separation in photosynthesis. d. oxidative phosphorylation
  1. The covalent attachment of a phosphate functional group to an amino acid R-group of a previously synthesized polypeptide chain is an example of: a. transcription. b. translation. c. post-transcriptional processing. d. post-translational processing.
  2. A primary transcript is a: a. recently synthesized molecule of RNA that has not been processed. b. double-stranded molecule of RNA. c. polypeptide chain that has not yet folded into its functional 3-dimensional structure. d. molecule of eukaryote RNA that has been processed.
  3. The two enzymes that hydrolyze high energy bonds to drive transcription are RNA polymerase and: a. pyrophosphatase. b. ligase. c. hexokinase. d. helicase.
  4. The end of a polypeptide chain that is synthesized first during translation is called the: a. carboxylic acid terminal end. b. 5’ end. c. amino-terminal end. d. 3’ end.
  5. Segments of a molecule of mRNA that are removed by splicesomes prior to translation are called: a. introns. b. exons. c. polyA tails. d. transcription factors.
  6. The molecules that covalently bond to, and activate, amino acids prior to assimilation into a growing polypeptide chain are: a. mRNA. b. rRNA. c. double-stranded RNA. d. tRNA.
  7. The total number of high energy phosphate bonds required to activate and insert each amino acid into a growing polypeptide chain is: a. 2. b. 3. c. 4. d. 5.
  1. Chaperonins are structures within cells that: a. help proteins fold properly. b. process RNA into a functional conformation. c. modify nitrogen bases on tRNA. d. hydrolyze proteins to individual amino acids.
  2. Which one of the following is an example of bulk transport across a biological membrane? a. Active transport b. Endocytosis c. Facilitated diffusion d. Osmosis
  3. A typical diameter of a virus is: a. 1 nm. b. 50 nm. c. 1 μm. d. 50 μm.
  4. A bacterial virus whose DNA integrates into host cell DNA is called a: a. lytic virus. b. lysogenic virus. c. budding virus. d. virulent virus.
  5. The membrane that surrounds animal viruses such as the HIV virus is derived from the host cell: a. plasma membrane. b. nuclear envelope. c. endoplasmic reticulum. d. mitochondria.
  6. One characteristic of retroviruses is that they all: a. attack plant cells. b. are capable of synthesizing RNA from a polypeptide chain template. c. contain tail fibers. d. contain RNA as their genetic information.
  7. An example was presented in class that demonstrated the potential for a bacteriophage to be beneficial to a population of bacteria by carrying useful genetic information. This benefit required the virus to: a. be a budding virus. b. be a temperate virus. c. be spherical in shape. d. carry RNA as its genetic information.
  8. Which one of the following is not a component of the HIV virus? a. DNA b. membrane coat c. protein d. reverse transcriptase

Continued on next page

  1. For each name or description listed below, select from the list at right the class of molecule with which it most closely corresponds, and write the corresponding letter in the space provided. Answers at right may be used more than once. Items at right may be used more than once.

i. __ B __ Contains glycosidic bonds

ii. __ G __ Consists of one nitrogen base, one sugar, and phosphate

iii. __ F __ The main structural component of biological membranes

iv. __ H __ RNA is an example

v. __ A __ A simple sugar

vi. __ C __, __ D __ (two answers) Contains one or more ionizable carboxylic acid functional groups

vii. __ A __, __ B __ (two answers) Carbohydrate

viii. __ E __, __ F __ (two answers) Lipid

ix. __ D __, __ H __ (two answers) An information molecule

x. __ F __, __ H __ (two answers) Contains one or more phosphodiester bonds

  1. For each name or description listed below, select from the list at right the eukaryotic cellular component with which it is most closely associated, and write the corresponding letter in the space provided. Items at right may be used more than once.

i. __ G __ Destroys hydrogen peroxide

ii. __ D __ A very acidic compartment

iii. __ J __ Does not occur in animal cells

iv. __ E __ Site of membrane lipid and protein synthesis

v. __ A __ Contains pores that let ribosomal subunits through

vi. __ C __ Site of most ATP synthesis in animal cells

vii. __ F __ Site of cytoplasmic protein synthesis

viii. __ B __ Target site for insulin and many other hormones

ix. __ H __, __ I __ (two answers) Component of the cytoskeleton

x. __ A __, __ C __, __ J __ (three answers) Surrounded by a double-membrane envelope

A. monosaccharide B. polysaccharide C. amino acid D. polypeptide E. triglyceride F. phospholipid G. nucleotide H. nucleic acid

A. nucleus B. plasma membrane C. mitochondrion D. lysosome E. endoplasmic reticulum F. ribosome G. peroxysome H. microtubule I. microfilament J. plastid