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Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business
Student Name/ID Number: Nguyen Dan Que/GCS Unit Number and Title: Unit 43 – Internet of Things Academic Year: 2022 Unit Assessor: Ho Hai Van Assignment Title: Assignment 1 – Internet of Things Issue Date: Submission Date: 06/12/ Internal Verifier Name: Date: Submission Format: Format: This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically including 1 document: You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at 1.3. Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: 1 cm; top: 1 cm and bottom: 1 cm. The reference follows Harvard referencing system. The recommended word limit is 2.000- 2.500 words. You will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit. The cover page of the report has to be the Assignment front sheet 1. Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get fail Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs
LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services. LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem Assignment Brief and Guidance: You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for the consumer, corporate, government and defence clients. As part of your role your manager has tasked you to plan and develop a new IoT product, service or application for a potential client. You are required to identify a target user and conduct tests with this user and include this feedback into multiple iterative versions of your product. Part 1 (Assignment 1) : For the first part, you must:
- Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this user. This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and material, such as user personas and customer journey maps.
- Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements gathered from user feedback and experimentation. This will follow the pathway outlined in your plan.(log book,) Part 2 (Assignment 2) : For the first part, you must:
- Show evidence about Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet)
- Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem
TABLE OF CONTENT
- Assignment Brief 1 (RQF)
- Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business...............................................................................
- P1. Explore various forms of IoT functionality
- IoT definition
- 1.1 Examples of IoT
- How does IoT work?............................................................................................................................
- 2.1 IoT working principles
- IoT functionality
- 3.1 IoT characteristics
- Application of IoT
- development P2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs available for use in IoT
- Review standard architecture
- Review IoT frameworks and tools.....................................................................................................
- 2.1 Framework
- 2.2 Tools
- Review IoT hardware and APIs for IoT development
- 3.1 IoT hardware
- 3.2 IoT APIs............................................................................................................................................
- IoT application....................................................................................................................................... P3. Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and API technique available to develop
- IoT application...................................................................................................................................
- Architecture
- Tools
- Hardware
- API techniques
- P4. Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT
- Scenario.............................................................................................................................................
- Solution and implementation
- REFERENCES
ASSIGNMENT 1
P1. Explore various forms of IoT functionality
1. IoT definition The phrase “Internet of Things” (IoT) first used to describe a system where physical devices or objects could be connected to the internet by sensors. Nowadays, the IoT term is used for describing a picture of interconnected devices, objects, animals or even human. An object in the IoT system could be an animal with a microchip transplanted in it, a car with sensors that can alert the user when the car needs a repairing, or the headlights need fixing or basically any objects that can be given an IP address and transfer data. The IoT ecosystem consists of some smart devices that use embedded systems including sensors, communication hardware. The system uses it to gather, send, and act in the data they got from their surroundings. By connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device, which either sends data to the cloud for analysis or analyzes it locally, IoT devices exchange the sensor data they gather. These gadgets converse with other similar devices on occasion, acting on the data they exchange.
- Reduced usage of other electrical devices: Due to direct connections and the ability to interact with a controller computer, such as a mobile phone, efficient use of electricity is made possible. There won't be any pointless usage of electrical equipment as a result.
- Useful for the healthcare sector: Without the requirement for a doctor's visit, patient care may be provided more successfully in real-time. It enables them to make decisions and deliver care based on the best available evidence. Disadvantages
- Security issues: IoT systems are networked and linked, which raises security concerns. Therefore, despite any security precautions, the system offers limited control and is vulnerable to several types of network assaults.
- Privacy concern: Without the user's voluntary engagement, the IoT system offers essential personal data in complete detail.
- Increased unemployment: is a result of the significant risk of job loss faced by both skilled and unskilled employees, contributing to high unemployment rates. Robots, smart ironing boards, smart washing machines, and other devices are taking the place of the humans who used to do these tasks manually.
- System complexity: The vast technology to IoT system is highly hard to design, build, manage, and enable.
- high likelihood that the entire system may become corrupted: It's possible for every linked device to get corrupted if the system has a problem.
- Lack of global standards: It is difficult for devices from various manufacturers to connect with one another since there is no global standard for IoT interoperability. Various forms of IoT
- Consumer IoT: refers to smartphones, smart home appliances, or wearables, etc.
- Commercial IoT: There are many ways to apply commercial IoT like hotels, healthcare facilities, supermarket, etc. Most commercial IoT systems are aimed to improve customer experience and business conditions.
- Industrial IoT: this is known to be the most dynamic branch of the IoT field. Its aimed to improve productivity and efficiency. Industrial IoT can be found in large-scale businesses like healthcare, agriculture, automotive, and logistics.
- Internet of Military things: is the use of IoT on the battlefield. It aimed to improve situational awareness and reduce human effort. 1.1 Examples of IoT Smart home IoT can usually be seen in smart household. Windows and doors that can be opened and locked with password, cameras at the front door with motion detectors or smoke and heat detectors, … The status of the house will be transfer to a controller and then move on to the Cloud. From there, the house owner will be alerted through their phone or app. Using your mobile devices, you can check the sensors, cameras and in emergency cases, the house owner can lock the house from far away. In most countries, winter can be very cold and summer will turn your house into a massive oven. So homeowner will often have a thermostat to detect and adjust the temperatures to suit their preference. In a scenario when they go out for a vacation, they reached the destination but don’t know if they have turned off the thermostat. They can simply check the thermostat status on their mobile app. Today, we can even apply IoT for the kitchen. Save you so much time, just by pressing some buttons then your dirty dishes are washed, your laundry is done, your coffee is ready. Wearables There are a variety of IoT applications in personal healthcare. Biometrics sensors in smart watches, wristbands can detect the body temperature, heart rate or even glucose and oxygen levels. Healthcare In the medical field, one of the most creative IoT application is the pillbox. The patient’s medication data will be transferred to a cloud server. The server will send a message and remind the patient of medicine consumption.
3. IoT functionality 3.1 IoT characteristics There are various IoT characteristics, in this part I will discuss it one by one: - Connectivity: Connectivity is one of the most important requirements of the IoT infrastructure. Things in the IoT system should be connected to the infrastructure. Connectivity between every object, locations, anytime should be guaranteed at all times. For example, connection between people via mobile devices or connection between internet devices such as gateways, sensors, etc. - Intelligence and Unique identifies: Devices that are connected to the internet have their unique identities through which they can be identified throughout the network. Devices also have intelligent interfaces which provide them the ability to communicate with the end-users. The users can query the devices, monitor their status, and control them remotely. - Scalability The number of devices connected to the IoT ecosystem increases every day. The system should be able to handle the expansion and the generated data from the IoT zone. - Dynamic and Self-adapting Devices connected in the IoT system should be able to dynamically adapt with the surrounding environment, their operating conditions, and end-users’ context. From there, devices can take suitable actions according to the scenario. For example, a security camera must adjust its sensors and adapt to various working conditions like morning, afternoon, night, or rain. - Architecture IoT architecture cannot be uniform in nature. It should be flexible, hybrid and has the ability to support different manufacturers’ products to function properly in the network. - Security
Ensuring the safety, reliability, and stability of the internet applications is important to promote the trust and use of the Internet. As users, they expect the linked devices are secure enough to work online. There is a chance of leaked personal data of the users. Besides guaranteed working devices, equipment safety is also important.
- Self-configuring IoT devices can be able to upgrade with minimum intervention of users, whenever the devices are connected to the internet. They can set up the network, an additional device can be connected.
- Interoperable communication protocols IoT system allows different devices in different architecture to communicate with each other. For example, a mobile phone has the ability to control the smart AC and smart TV at the same time despite having different manufacturer. 4. Application of IoT Healthcare Figure 3 : IoT application for healthcare Society is growing day by day, people is starting to pay more attention to their health. Instead of going to a hospital to have their health checked. Nowadays, with the application of IoT, users can check their health status at home. IoT works with the healthcare field through its connection mechanisms. Smartwatches or fitness bands are great examples of
Figure 5 : IoT application for agriculture For countries with a developed agricultural industry, IoT is also an indispensable part. IoT offers farmers smart technology like fertilize the crops, check the usage level of water, and even check the soil’s quality and texture. P2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and APIs available for use in IoT development
1. Review standard architecture IoT technology has various applications, depending on the application areas, it works how it was designed. Universally, there are no defined standard architecture, the architecture depends on the functionality and implementation of the system. But still, most of the IoT system base is built similar to this flow.
Figure 6 : 4 - satge IoT architecture Sensing layer This layer consists of sensors, actuators, and devices. These physical objects capture raw data from their surrounding environment such as chemical composition, temperature, humidity or the speed of a car, etc. For example, this layer could contain phones connected to each other via Bluetooth or other devices like Raspberry Pi connect to ethernet via Wi-Fi. These devices are connected directly to the network layer. Network layer This layer contains the Internet/Network gateways and the Data Acquisition System (DAS). DAS monitor data aggregation and transformation. Advanced gateways, which mainly link sensors networks to the internet, they also handle some basic gateway functions such as virus protection and filtering. They also make decisions based on the collected data and data management services. The sensing layer and the network layer are tightly coupled, and at this point, they generate a huge amount of data. Data processing layer
Figure 7 : KAA IoT KAA IoT framework is one of the most popular and offers user various features that allows them to create and implement their products. With the ability to handle an unlimited number of devices made by the cross-device interoperability, KAA IoT gives the users the ability to manage their connected devices as they like. The platform also enables remote management of connected devices, including monitoring and configuration. Using KAA IoT, users are provided with numerous competitive benefits for rapid IoT development and application. The platform is also known as one of the most efficient and flexible solutions available. This allows information to be transported between the devices and other components of the IoT network. Node RED Node RED is an open-source platform that serves as a visual interface for connecting all of the associated hardware components, services, and APIs. This IoT framework use innovative and original writing techniques. The Node.js platform served as the foundation for Node RED open-source, which can run on various modules including Raspberry Pi and other modules. 2.2 Tools IoT development is the process of integrating hardware components and software applications so that the finished product may track certain values, gather and send data, evaluate received data, and direct the device to respond accordingly. Such systems are extremely difficult to create. The IoT has already grown into a separate business, increasing
the demand for dependable and extensive developer toolkits. IoT development tools are required to build complicated apps. Some common IoT tools Eclipse IoT The open-source Eclipse IoT tool that can be used to create Java applications for the IoT. Developers may create IoT devices, cloud platforms, and gateways with the aid of Eclipse IoT. The main objectives of this tool are creation, use, and promotion of free IoT technologies. Platforms for developing software, frameworks, standards, services, tools and many more are included. The Lua programming language, which is seem to be a suitable fit for the IoT applications, is the main focus of the Eclipse IoT. Tessel 2 Tessel 2 is a reliable platform used to create basic IoT prototypes and solutions. Additional sensors and modules are integrated. Up to twelve modules can be mounted on this board, including RFIP, GPS, cameras, and accelerometers. For developers who are experienced with Node.JS programming, Tessel is much simpler. Tessel may be used in this fashion to host several servers and hardware firmware IoT systems. With Tessel, developers can use all of the libraries to quickly reveal a variety of device.
3. Review IoT hardware and APIs for IoT development 3.1 IoT hardware IoT hardware encompasses a wide range of gadgets, including sensors, bridges, and routing devices. These Internet of Things (IoT) devices control important processes and features such as system activation, security, action definitions, communication, and the detection of support-specific objectives and actions. IoT Low-power boards, single-board processors like the Arduino Uno, which are essentially tiny boards that are inserted into mainboards to improve and extend their usefulness by bringing forth certain tasks or features, are just a few examples of hardware components
Microcontrollers are small computers that can perform actions. It is supported by an integrated semiconductor circuit chip. Different from traditional computers, microcontrollers usually perform a single function. They carry out several activities in comparatively easier way. Wearables and other devices Wearables are IoT devices that can be worn on the human body and carry out several jobs. For example, these devices can check the glucose levels, heart attack risks, and asthma. They can also count daily step counts, and calories intake. An IoT ecosystem still need traditional computers and cellphones to function. Users may easily access to much information on desktop computers, while APIs on mobile devices provide remote access to IoT devices. 3.2 IoT APIs IoT APIs are APIs that are utilized in the development of IoT systems. They are the application programming interfaces for web services. Developers may create complex apps that are simple to combine with other web services by using the IoT API. The end-user experience is enhanced by IoT APIs in several ways. For instance, people may effortlessly access the websites and upload a sizable number of programs. APIs importance in IoT The IoT world is too complicated, necessitating constant communication between the various actors engaged. The work may be completed by using APIs since it is 100% feasible to integrate various IoT components with one another. The IoT world is empowered by API use, which creates countless new development and integration options. IoT APIs are fantastic tools for technical development because they offer unrivaled flexibility. APIs are crucial since they allow developers to take charge of access requests. The possibility of a DDoS assault is kept to a minimum by this restricted and regulated access.
P3. Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware, and API technique available to develop IoT application
1. IoT application In order to solve the needs of our customers and keep up with the development, we decided to make smart doors. We adopt a 3-layer architecture, some tools and hardware will be detailed below. Our smart door requires passcode to open. The user can change the passcode as they like. 2. Architecture In this part, I will investigate further into an IoT architecture and discuss about their security perspective. The three-layer IoT architecture is the most basic one, it consists of perception, network, and application layers. Figure 9 : Three-layer IoT architecture The perception layer This is the layer that consists of physical devices. Sensors and devices are used to finding and gathering information from the surrounding environment, they also have the ability to recognize other smart objects. These devices are often target among attackers. Eavesdropping is one of the most common types of threat that happens in real-time. The
