Printed Circuit Board Defects Q&A: Flexible and Rigid-Flex Circuitry, Exams of Electronics

A question and answer format covering various defects in flexible and rigid-flex printed circuit boards. It addresses issues such as solder wicking, attachment problems, marking defects, cleanliness concerns, solder mask and conformal coating issues, and hardware-related defects. The content is structured around ipc standards and includes acceptance criteria for different defect classes, making it a useful resource for quality control and inspection processes in electronics manufacturing. It offers practical insights into identifying and addressing common pcb defects.

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 12/15/2025

Smartsolutions
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QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT ANSWERS NEW
Flexible and Rigid-Flex Printed Circuitry - Solder Wicking -> Defect Class 1, 2, 3 -
ANSWER Spacing as a result of solder wicking or plating migration violate
minimum electrical clearance
Attachment -> Acceptable Class 1 - ANSWER Side overhang of flex 10-27
Attachment -> Acceptable Class 2,3 - ANSWER Side overhang10-27
Attachme - ANSWER Wetted solder is visible in 10-27
Marking - ANSWER Provides both product identification and traceability
Marking - Etched - Acceptable Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Lines of a number or letter
may be broken provided the breaks do not make the marking illegible
Marking Etched (including hand printing) - Defect Class 1.2.3 - ANSWER Lines
forming a character are missing or broken to the extent that the character is not
legible or is likely to be confused with another character
Marking - Screened | Process Indicator - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Lines of a number
or letter may be broken (or the ink thin over a portion of
Marking - Screened | Defect - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Open areas of characters are
filled and are not legible, or are likely to be confused with another number or
letter
Marking - Stamped | Acceptable - Class 1, Process Indicator - Class 2,3 -
ANSWER - Marking that has been smeared or blurred but is still legible
- Multiple stamped markings are acceptable provided the general intent can be
determined
Marking - Laser | Acceptable - Class 1, Process Indicator - Class 2,3 - ANSWER -
Multiple image is still legible
- Missing marking is not more than 10% of the character
kjlkj - ANSWER
Marking - Lables - Readability | Acceptable - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Spots or voids
on printed surfaces or machine is readable code as permiss
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QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT ANSWERS NEW

Flexible and Rigid-Flex Printed Circuitry - Solder Wicking - > Defect Class 1, 2, 3 - ANSWER Spacing as a result of solder wicking or plating migration violate minimum electrical clearance Attachment - > Acceptable Class 1 - ANSWER Side overhang of flex 10- 27 Attachment - > Acceptable Class 2,3 - ANSWER Side overhang10- 27 Attachme - ANSWER Wetted solder is visible in 10- 27 Marking - ANSWER Provides both product identification and traceability Marking - Etched - Acceptable Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Lines of a number or letter may be broken provided the breaks do not make the marking illegible Marking Etched (including hand printing) - Defect Class 1.2.3 - ANSWER Lines forming a character are missing or broken to the extent that the character is not legible or is likely to be confused with another character Marking - Screened | Process Indicator - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Lines of a number or letter may be broken (or the ink thin over a portion of Marking - Screened | Defect - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Open areas of characters are filled and are not legible, or are likely to be confused with another number or letter Marking - Stamped | Acceptable - Class 1, Process Indicator - Class 2,3 - ANSWER - Marking that has been smeared or blurred but is still legible

  • Multiple stamped markings are acceptable provided the general intent can be determined Marking - Laser | Acceptable - Class 1, Process Indicator - Class 2,3 - ANSWER - Multiple image is still legible
  • Missing marking is not more than 10% of the character kjlkj - ANSWER Marking - Lables - Readability | Acceptable - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Spots or voids on printed surfaces or machine is readable code as permiss

Defect- Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Machine readable code

  • ANSWER Or barcode
  • ANSWER More than 10% of the label area is peeling Marking - Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags | Target - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER - The RFID tag is located within the specified distance from the tag reader such that the reader can access teh RF signal
  • The RFID tag is attached to the object in a manner that will not preclude transmission of the RF signal
  • ANSWER - The free-air path between the RFID tag contains The RF signal is distorted to the extent that the data cannot be clearly discerned using the reader
  • ANSWER cleaning information Cleanliness - Foreign Object Debris (FOD) - ANSWER Acceptable` Cleanliness - Chlorides, Carbonates and White Residues | Defects - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Metallic areas exhibit crystalline white deposit
  • ANSWER - Flux residue does not inhibit visual inspection
  • Flux residue does not inhibit access to test points of the assembly
  • ANSWER Wet, tacky or excessive residues that
  • ANSWER No-clean flux residue on any electrical
  • ANSWER Colored residues or rusty appearance on metallic surfaces or hardware
  • ANSWER Additional information
  • ANSWER Blisters, scratches, voids that do not expose conductors and do not pridge adjacent conductors, conductor surfaces or create a hazordous condition which wouldallow loos
  • ANSWER Blisters/flaking expose base conductor material
  • ANSWER - Coating blisters/scratches/voids bridge adjacent non
  • Coating blisters/scratches/voids have permitted solder bridges
  • ANSWER THe center post is fracutred
  • ANSWER A post is broken, but sufficient mounting area remains to attach the specified wires/leads
  • ANSWER Burnishing and eformation No more than 3 radialcracks Any 3 radial splits or cracks are separated by 90°
  • ANSWER Any circumferential splits or cracks Any splits or cracks More than 3 radial splits or cracks Radial splits or cracks are separated
  • ANSWER Flared flange solder criteria is provided in 6.1. Swaged Hardware ** - ANSWER Flange Damaged Segments excessivly deformed Segment missing Table 6- 1 - ANSWER
  • ANSWER Solder fillet is at least 75% of the flare flange height
  • ANSWER Minimum 270 fillet
  • ANSWER Minimum 330 Insulation | Acceptable - Class 1,2,3 - ANSWER Slight discoloration of insulation resulting in thermal processing provided it is not charred, cracked or split Defects - ANSWER
  • ANSWER - Insulation clearance is 2 wire diameters or less
  • Insulation clearance does not Insulation - Clearance | Acceptable - Class 1, Process Indicator - Class 2 - ANSWER The insulation clearance C isgreater Insulation - Flexible Sleeve - ANSWER - Cleaning if required, shall be
  • Heating process used to shrink the
  • ANSWER Insulation sleeving is more than 50%
  • ANSWER Sleeving/tubing is tight on terminal, but not tight on wire/cable
  • ANSWER Sleeving/tubing is not tight on terminal
  • ANSWER df
  • ANSWER LInsulaiton sleeve is loose
  • ANSWER Wire strands have separation exceeding 1 strand Conductor - Strand - ANSWER Wire starnds are birdcaged beyond wire insulation noutside diameter
  • ANSWER dkf
  • ANSWER Stranded wire is uniformly coated with a thin coat
  • ANSWER - The solder wets the tinned portion of the wire and penetrates to the inner strands
  • ANSWER sdf
  • ANSWER Pinholes, voids or dewetting/non-wettign
  • ANSWER Solder does not wet the tinned portion of the wire
  • ANSWER Solder build up or icicles
  • ANSWER When required
  • ANSWER The wire approachaes The direation o fthe stress-releif ebdn places no starin on the mechanical wrap or the solder connection
  • ANSWER - There is insufficient stress relief, see Figure 6- 56
  • The wire is under stress at the wrap, see Figure 6- 56 Wire Overwrap - ANSWER When a wire/lead that is wrapped more than 360° and remains in contact Wire Overlap - ANSWER When a wire/lead that is wrapped
  • ANSWER Wires
  • ANSWER Calibration parts may be ounted ot the tops
  • ANSWER Terminal altered to accept oversized