Download ISSA FINAL PAPER 2026 AUTHENTIC SOLVED COLLECTION and more Exams Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
ISSA FINAL PAPER 2026 AUTHENTIC
SOLVED COLLECTION
◉The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body environment through various processes is called:. Answer: Homeostasis ◉BMR stands for. Answer: basal metabolic rate ◉Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same time throughout the body. (T/F). Answer: True ◉A calorie is a unit of heat. (T/F). Answer: True ◉The preferred unit in metabolic studies and nutrition labels is the kilocalorie (kcal). (T/F). Answer: True ◉The primary (not the 'initial') fuel during endurance exercise is:. Answer: Fatty acids ◉The molecule used for storing and transferring energy in the body is called:. Answer: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
◉The ATP/CP pathway is the primary pathway used for activities lasting two minutes or greater. (T/F). Answer: False ◉About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous. (T/F). Answer: True ◉The respiratory system is responsible for:. Answer: - Supplying oxygen to the body
- Eliminating carbon dioxide in the body
- Helps regulate the body's pH balance ◉The circulatory system consists of:. Answer: Heart, arteries, and veins ◉The nervous system is made up of the:. Answer: peripheral nervous system and central nervous system ◉Excretion is one function of the digestive system. (T/F). Answer: True ◉Hormones are classified as:. Answer: Steroids, Amino-Acid derivatives, Peptides
◉Cardiovascular/aerobic exercise results in:. Answer: Mitochondrial adaptations ◉Type II muscle fibers are entirely aerobic. (T/F). Answer: False ◉Muscular hypertrophy is a(n):. Answer: increase in muscle fiber size ◉In a concentric contraction, the muscle lengthens to produce movements. (T/F). Answer: False ◉Kinesiology is:. Answer: The science or study of human movement, and the active and passive structures involved ◉An isometric contraction is when:. Answer: A muscle does not lengthen or shorten as it contracts ◉True synergy occurs when a muscle contracts to stop the secondary action of another muscle. (T/F). Answer: True ◉An example of an antagonist muscle is:. Answer: Triceps during a biceps curl
◉Adduction is a movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. (T/F). Answer: False ◉An example of flexion is the:. Answer: Concentric action of a bicep curl ◉Flexion mainly occurs in which plane?. Answer: sagittal plane ◉Newton's second law of motion deals with force and its relationship to mass and acceleration. (T/F). Answer: True ◉Biomechanics is the study of:. Answer: movement ◉Muscular force is broken down into the components of:. Answer: Magnitude, Direction, Point of application, Line of action ◉Inertia can be categorized as:. Answer: Resting inertia and moving inertia ◉A first-class lever is similar to a seesaw. (T/F). Answer: True ◉The ability to perceive your position and movement of the body or limbs in space is known as:. Answer: Kinesthesis
◉Exaggerated anterior-posterior curvature of the spinal column is known as:. Answer: Kyphosis ◉Even though sitting can be unavoidable for many people, it is best to limit time spent sitting as much as possible, and design your workplace according to correct ergonomics. (T/F). Answer: True ◉The major movements that are possible at the knee joint are adduction and abduction. (T/F). Answer: False ◉The knee is stabilized on the anterior side by which muscle?. Answer: Quadriceps ◉The semimembranosus and semitendinosus attach on what side of the knee?. Answer: Medial ◉The ankle joint is made up of which bone(s)?. Answer: tibia and talus ◉The hamstring muscles are a two-joint muscle that acts at the knee and hip. (T/F). Answer: True
◉What muscle is located directly beneath the gastrocnemius and has similar functions to the gastrocnemius?. Answer: Soleus ◉The wrist joint consists of the ends of the radius and ulna bones of the forearm with the carpal bones of the hand. (T/F). Answer: True ◉The shoulder girdle is made up of the clavicle and what other bone?. Answer: Scapula ◉A pronated grip would be palms up. (T/F). Answer: False ◉________ are a major factor that affects strength?. Answer: Structural, Physiological, Psychoneural, Environmental ◉The angle of Q represents:. Answer: Starting strength ◉What is a basic grip used in weight training?. Answer: Supinated, Pronated, Neutral ◉A supinated grip would be palms down. (T/F). Answer: False ◉Dumbbells are an example of what type of training equipment?. Answer: Constant resistance device
◉Anaerobic means "in the presence of oxygen.". Answer: False ◉Using several modes of training to develop a specific component of fitness is known as:. Answer: Cross-training ◉Flexibility is the ability to flex, extend, or circumduct the joints through their full intended range of motion. (T/F). Answer: True ◉The Golgi tendon organ, the muscle spindle, and the Pacinian corpuscle make up the three primary:. Answer: Inhibitory proprioceptors ◉Myofibrils are constructed of overlapping strands of protein polymers called:. Answer: Actin and myosin ◉Joint range of motion can be assessed with:. Answer: - Goniometer
- Sit and reach test
- Shoulder flexibility test
- Trunk extension test ◉The muscle spindle detects excessive stretch within the muscle. (T/F). Answer: True
◉If your goal is to improve range of motion, stretch to the point:. Answer: Of mild or moderate discomfort ◉________ are a benefit of a proper warm up and dynamic stretch prior to exercise?. Answer: - Improved metabolic adjustment to heavy work
- Greater strength/power output
- Increased muscle temperature
- Increased velocity of nerve conduction ◉This type of stretching facilitates an increase in muscle length through a maximum isometric contraction of the antagonist:. Answer: Contract antagonist-relax (CA) method ◉Endomorphs are slim body types. (T/F). Answer: False ◉Ectomorphs are classified as:. Answer: Slim or linear body types ◉Body mass index (BMI) is used to assess:. Answer: relative weight to height ratio and as a predictor of future disease risk ◉Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is one method to determine body composition. (T/F). Answer: True
◉Stage two of the ISSA drawing-in phase is:. Answer: Data collection ◉Stage three of the ISSA drawing-in phase is:. Answer: Guided discovery tour ◉A trainer should facilitate learning by using which sensory channel(s)?. Answer: - Visual
- Auditory
- Kinesthetic ◉Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. (T/F). Answer: True ◉GXT is an acronym for:. Answer: Graded Exercise Test ◉According to the ISSA and the ACSM, exercise intensity should be at what percentage of your VO2 max in order to maintain an adequate level of cardiorespiratory fitness?. Answer: 55% to 85% ◉Using the Karvonen method and an exercise intensity of 55% will determine the heart rate corresponding to what percentage of VO max?. Answer: 55%
◉The ISSA recommends that the intensity level of exercise be 85% to 95% of VO2 max. (T/F). Answer: False ◉Muscular endurance can be assessed by which of the following method(s)?. Answer: Push-up test & Sit-up test ◉The resting level of oxygen consumption is referred to as 1.0 MET. (T/F). Answer: True ◉According to the Push-up Norms chart, what is the rating of a 38- year-old male that can perform 24 push-ups?. Answer: Fair ◉The principle of individual differences states that the rate and magnitude of adaptations to training will be limited by our differing genetics. (T/F). Answer: True ◉Which principle states that in order for gains to continue, the intensity of the stress imposed must be progressively increased?. Answer: Overload principle ◉Which principle states that we all undergo stress in three stages: the "alarm stage," the "resistance stage," and the "exhaustion stage?". Answer: GAS principle
◉What are the three predictable stages of stress in the GAS principle?. Answer: Shock, compensation, and exhaustion ◉The two most common physiological markers of overtraining are sympathetic overtraining and parasympathetic overtraining. (T/F). Answer: True ◉________ & ________ are symptoms of overtraining?. Answer: Decrease in performance & Chronic fatigue ◉DOMS stands for:. Answer: Delayed onset muscle soreness ◉The connective tissue damage hypothesis is one of three leading hypothesis of DOMS. (T/F). Answer: True ◉One way to avoid overtraining?. Answer: Varying your training method using periodization ◉Maximum power will occur somewhere between 55% and 85% of 1RM. (T/F). Answer: True ◉If you can perform a maximum of eight repetitions using a certain weight, then that weight is approximately what percentage of your one-repetition max?. Answer: 80%
◉High repetition resistance training (of 15 or more repetitions):. Answer: Does not innervate high threshold motor units and limits the potential for hypertrophy for type II muscle fibers. ◉Why do new trainees typically experience a higher rate of strength gains?. Answer: Neural adaptations ◉Training, using roughly 6 to 12 repetitions, is most effective for achieving muscular hypertrophy. (T/F). Answer: True ◉How much rest time is required/recommended between sets (three sets of 8 to 10 at 75% of the 1RM) to maximize serum testosterone levels and growth hormone levels?. Answer: No more than one minute ◉Training at 55% to 65% of 1RM is most effective for muscular endurance. (T/F). Answer: True ◉________ principle states that motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates?. Answer: Size principle ◉Common limiting factor when it comes to achieving fitness-related goals?. Answer: - Genetics
◉________ is an "issue" with the caloric values contained on food labels?. Answer: Preparation/method of cooking ◉________ is not a metabolic pathway involving carbohydrates?. Answer: Glyconolisthesis ◉A summation of all things your body does both actively and passively to burn calories in a 24 hour period is called:. Answer: Total daily energy expenditure ◉________ affects energy balance?. Answer: - Food intake
- Exercise activity
- Genetic factors ◉When caloric intake is lower than the amount needed to maintain normal function, RMR increases. (T/F). Answer: False ◉______ is not a form of carbohydrates found in the diet?. Answer: Insulin ◉Animal-based fats contain a higher ratio of unsaturated fats than plant-based oils. (T/F). Answer: False
◉______ chemical component(s) does protein contain that is not found in carbohydrates or fats?. Answer: Nitrogen ◉What is the recommended minimum protein intake for sedentary, generally healthy individuals?. Answer: 0.8g per kilogram of body mass ◉______ is an example of a micronutrient?. Answer: Vitamin C ◉For most people, drinking approximately two liters of water per day is sufficient. (T/F). Answer: True ◉Fish oil is rich in:. Answer: DHA and EPA ◉______ is not an appropriate characteristic of a goal?. Answer: Goals are unrealistic ◉Limiting factors are the choices an individual makes that prevent him/her from reaching goals. (T/F). Answer: True ◉For men, what is the average portion size of protein dense foods with each meal?. Answer: Two palm portions
