Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

ITEC 250 Final Review 2026 – Networking & Protocols Study Guide, Exams of Computer Network Management and Protocols

Chamberlain College of NursingComputer Network Management and Protocols

Master ITEC 250 final exam concepts including Ethernet, VLANs, IP routing, TCP/UDP, QoS, OSPF, BGP, and network security. Essential for computer networking students.

Typology: Exams

2025/2026

Available from 05/23/2026

elite098
elite098 🇺🇸

118 documents

1 / 7

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
ITEC 250 Final Review 2026
What is the purpose of preamble and start of frame delimiter? -The first two fields synchronize
the receiver's clock with the sender's
What is the pad field ethernet mac layer frame? -a. added by the sender only if the data field is
less than 46 octets
b. PAD field is selected so that the total of the length field and pad is 46 octets
The frame check sequence field is for - -Error detection
Ethernet is - -unreliable
if an error is found in ethernet frame, the frame is - -discarded
Explain rapid spanning tree protocol -a. Ethernets hierarchy creates single points of failure
b. RSTP allows backup links to be added. Discarded until needed
c. RSTP turns backup links on automatically when needed
d. difficult to plan backup lines
Explain VLANs and describe their benefits -a. Reduce traffic when the hosts broadcasts:
broadcasts only go to hosts on the same VLAN
b. Vlans live security: client host can only access servers on the same VLAN
Managed switches -More expensive, connect remotely, more efficient in long run
Power over Ethernet (POE) -Switches can supply power to devices connected by UTP, like
remote cameras
Matching rows destination column value to the following packet -a. if any row has a match,
choose it
b. if more than one choice, choose lowest cost
c. if none, choose 0.0.0.0 or similar
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download ITEC 250 Final Review 2026 – Networking & Protocols Study Guide and more Exams Computer Network Management and Protocols in PDF only on Docsity!

ITEC 250 Final Review 2026

What is the purpose of preamble and start of frame delimiter? - The first two fields synchronize the receiver's clock with the sender's What is the pad field ethernet mac layer frame? - a. added by the sender only if the data field is less than 46 octets b. PAD field is selected so that the total of the length field and pad is 46 octets The frame check sequence field is for - - Error detection Ethernet is - - unreliable if an error is found in ethernet frame, the frame is - - discarded Explain rapid spanning tree protocol - a. Ethernets hierarchy creates single points of failure b. RSTP allows backup links to be added. Discarded until needed c. RSTP turns backup links on automatically when needed d. difficult to plan backup lines Explain VLANs and describe their benefits - a. Reduce traffic when the hosts broadcasts: broadcasts only go to hosts on the same VLAN b. Vlans live security: client host can only access servers on the same VLAN Managed switches - More expensive, connect remotely, more efficient in long run Power over Ethernet (POE) - Switches can supply power to devices connected by UTP, like remote cameras Matching rows destination column value to the following packet - a. if any row has a match, choose it b. if more than one choice, choose lowest cost c. if none, choose 0.0.0.0 or similar

Syntax - MESSAGE LAYOUT, like human grammar, messages may have 3 parts: data field = content being delivered, header, and trailer Semantics - network standards normally have a very limited set of possible MESSAGE MEANINGS The frame check sequence in field Ethernet frame is for error correction - False The header checksum field in IP packet is for error detection - True The IP packet never has a trailer - true The IP packet usually has a header - false The IP packet usually has a data field - false The TCP checksum field is for error detection - false TCP segments always have headers - true Some TCP segments do not have data fields - true TCP segments always have trailers - false. they never have trailers UDP checksum value is for error correction - false Why is the sequence number field in TCP segment necessary? - It gives the TCP segments order in the session, 32 bits long When is the flag field in TCP segment set? - If the value of the flag field = 1 What are port numbers on servers? - Each application is assigned a port number that is usually between 0-1023. HTTP is 80 and FTP is 20 and 21 Was it possible to determine the class of an address from the address? - Yes, if you have the IP address, check how it starts. A-0 B-10 C-110 D-1110 E- 1111 If an ISP assigned you a /28 address block, how many computers could you assign an address?

  • 32 - 8= 2^4-2= Can you have more than one IP address? - Yes, multi-homed. Increases reliability and performance. Multiple protocol addresses: one for each know connection How does the Internet design accommodate heterogenous networks that each have their own packet format? - a. It defines a packet format that is independent of packet hardware. b. The result is universal

Second elapsed - how many seconds have elapsed since the host began to boot DHCP permits a server to be located on a remote network. How can the computer send DHCP messages to a server on another network? - Relay agents What is the chief purpose of NAT? - Allows multiple computers at a site to share a single, globally valid IP address Two broad categories of Internet routing - Static and dynamic Static Internet routing - straightforward and easy to specify, no extra routing software, doesn't consume bandwidth [manually, home or small office] Dynamic internet routing - routes are characterized through their destinations [software, checks network] How does routing in the global Internet perform? - Routing hierarchy What is an autonomous system? - group of routers under one administrative authority Interior gateway protocols - Routers within an AS use an IGP exchange routing information Easy to install and operate Exterior gateway protocols - -A router in one AS use an EGP to exchange routing information with a router in another AS

  • More complex to install and operate
  • Summarizes routing information from an AS before passing it to another AS Border Gateway Protocol - -Type of exterior gateway protocol
  • Routing among an autonomous system
  • Provision for policies
  • Reliable transport Routing information protocol - -First IGP used in the Internet
  • Routing within an autonomous system
  • Hop count metric
  • Unreliable transport
  • Intended for use over LAN technologies: broadcast or multicast [ethernet] How does RIP propagate routes? - distance vector ruling Distance vector ruling - Advertisements: (destination network, distance) Disadvantages of RIP message format - -Size of message is proportional to # of routers that can be reached
  • introduces delay
  • doesn't work large-scale
  • consumes many cpu cycles OSPF - -Open Shortest Path First Protocol
  • Local routers all receive status updates via a broadcast and update their own information like shortest routes Three primary measures of network performance - Latency, throughput, jitter Latency - delays: time required to transfer data across a network Throughput - capacity: amount of data that can be transferred per unit of time Jitter - variability: changes in delay that occur and the duration of the changes Five types of delay - Propagation, access, switching, queuing, server Propagation - time required for a signal to travel across a transmission medium Access - time needed to obtain access to a transmission medium Switching - time required to compute a next hop and begin transmission Queuing - -collects the bits of a packet
  • places them in memory
  • chooses a next-hop
  • waits until the packet can be sent Server - time required for a server to process: examine a request AND compute and send a response How can throughput be measured? - Hardware capacity or goodput Disadvantage of using goodput as a measure - amount of overhead depends on the protocol stack being used Approaches used to overcome jitter - -isochronous network with no jitter
  • use a protocol that compensates for jitter Two types of QoS - Quality of service
  • Fine grain and Coarse grain Fine-grain - provider allows a customer to state specific QoS requirements for a given instance of communication Coarse-grain - provider specifies a few broad classes of service that are each suitable for one type of traffic Constant Bit Rate (CBR) - data enters the flow at a fixed rate Variable Bit Rate (VBR) - data enters the flow at a variable rate within specified statistical time Available Bit Rate (ABR) - flow agrees to use whatever data rate is available at a given time Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) - no bit rate is specified for the flow

SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol User Datagram Protocol (UDP) examples - End-to-end Connectionless Message oriented If an application sends extremely large messages which are larger than the network MTU, which layer will fragment the message? - IP Best-effort delivery - messages can be: lost, duplicated, delayed, corrupted, delivered out of order How does User Datagram Protocols (UDP) identify an application as an endpoint? - Protocol port numbers List the features of Transmissions Control Protocol (TCP) - -Connection oriented

  • point to point communication
  • complete reliability
  • full duplex communication What layers of a protocol stack are used on a router? A host? - Router: internet and network layers Host: application, network, transmission, internet What are the main problems a transport protocol must solve to achieve reliable transfer? - - unreliable communication
  • end system reboot
  • heterogenous end systems
  • congestion Techniques a transport protocol uses - -sequence numbers
  • ack
  • timer
  • control packets
  • unique ID
  • flow control When using a sliding window of size N, how many packets can be sent without requiring a single ACK to be received? - Tw=Tg+W Tw=packets sent Tg=stop/go W=Window size How does TCP handle packet loss? - Retransmission