its about science information, Cheat Sheet of Environmental Science

Download its about science information and more Cheat Sheet Environmental Science in PDF only on Docsity!

SCIENCE

Quarter 1

LEARNER’S MATERIAL

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior

approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created

shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency

or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of

royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their

respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and

seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright

owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim

ownership over them.

This module was carefully examined and revised in accordance with the standards prescribed by the DepEd Region 4A and Curriculum and Learning Management Division CALABARZON. All parts and sections of the module are assured not to have violated any rules stated in the Intellectual Property Rights for learning standards.

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

For the Parents/Guardian This module aims to assist you, dear parents, guardians, or siblings of the learners, to understand how materials and activities are used in the new normal. It is designed to provide the information, activities, and new learning that learners need to work on. Activities presented in this module are based on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Science as prescribed by the Department of Education. You are expected to assist the child in the tasks and ensure the learner’s mastery of the subject matter. Be reminded that learners have to answer all the activities in their own notebook

For the Learners

The module is designed to suit your needs and interests using the IDEA instructional process. This will help you attain the prescribed grade-level knowledge, skills, attitude, and values at your own pace outside the normal class- room setting. The module is composed of different types of activities that are arranged according to graduated levels of difficulty—from simple to complex. You are ex- pected to answer all activities on separate sheets of paper and submit the out- puts to your respective teachers on the time and date agreed upon. Guide in Using PIVOT Learner’s Material

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

Parts of the

LM

Description

What I need to

know

The teacher utilizes appropriate strategies in

presenting the MELC and desired learning outcomes

for the day or week, purpose of the lesson, core

content and relevant samples. This allows teachers

to maximize learners awareness of their own

knowledge as regards content and skills required

What is new for the lesson.

What I know

The teacher presents activities, tasks , contents of

value and interest to the learners. This shall expose

the learners on what he/she knew, what he /she

does not know and what she/he wanted to know

and learn. Most of the activities and tasks must

simply and directly revolved around the concepts

to develop and master the skills or the MELC.

What is in

What is it

What is more

The teacher allows the learners to be engaged in

various tasks and opportunities in building their

KSA’s to meaningfully connect their learnings after

doing the tasks in the D. This part exposes the

learner to real life situations /tasks that shall

ignite his/ her interests to meet the expectation,

make their performance satisfactory or produce a

product or performance which lead him/ her to

understand fully the skills and concepts.

What I can do

What else I can

do

What I have

learned

The teacher brings the learners to a process where

they shall demonstrate ideas, interpretation,

mindset or values and create pieces of information

that will form part of their knowledge in reflecting,

relating or using it effectively in any situation or

context. This part encourages learners in creating

conceptual structures giving them the avenue to

integrate new and old learnings.

What I can

achieve

PARTS OF PIVOT LEARNER’S MATERIAL

Introduction Development Engagement Assimilation

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

What do you observe in the picture? Can you tell that there is a problem in the above situation? If you say yes, you are absolutely correct! It means that you are truly aware of what is happening now in the world, particularly in our country. Natural disasters and pandemic are experienced by most of the people. Now, what do you think are the solutions to this problem? This pandemic has brought many cases of deaths, loss of jobs, shut down of business and a lot more. But basically as of today, you will experience its ef- fect because under this state of calamity in our country, you are staying at home while learning. Isnt it hard? Or you already appreciate staying with your family while you are studying? Whatever you are feeling right now, thats okay. You will now be analyzing the situation by determining the components of scien- tific investigation. A systematic method of solving problems around us. What do you think are the possible researchable problems in the given illustrations?

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

Learning Task No. 1: Refer to the given data inside column A. Write possible problems based on the given data. Choose the at least 3 available data that will support your answer from the choices in column B. Write your answer in a sepa- rate sheet of paper. Possible Problems (1) Positive Cases for Covid-19 Infection Increases (2) There are no donations or relief goods received by two families in one of the isolated barangays in CALABARZON (3) People are arrested by policemen and authorities Available Data 1: There are 200 families that evacuated in the area. 2: There are ten children being assisted by medical experts. 3: There are 500 boxes of relief goods donated in a barangay. 4: Children below 21 years old and senior citizens are not allowed to go out. 5: Malls and other businesses are limited in their business operations. 6: Schools are closed and studying is done at home. 7: Everybody is advised to wear face mask, personal protective equipment, practice so- cial distancing, wash hands, sanitize using alcohol and bring quarantine pass when going out, if necessary. 8: The roads are blocked by floods and some fallen trees such that transportation of goods are limited. 9: A pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization due to Covid 19. 10: The government gave donations and funds to deserving families. I think that the possible problem is:

---

---

I identified the said problem based on the following data :

---

---

---

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

In solving a problem based on the given data or context of the situation, there are factors that should be considered. These factors are called variables. Variable are any factor or things, condition or trait that are changing in an experi- ment. In a scientific experiment there are three kinds of variables :

1. Manipulated variables or independent variable is a factor or condition that is intentionally changed by an investigator in an experiment. An independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study. 2. A responding or dependent variable is a factor or condition that might be af- fected as a result of that change. A dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independ- ent variable.
2. A variable that is not changed is called a controlled variable. These factors are kept constant to determine any changes in the results (dependent variable) is caused by the manipulated variable. In understanding the different components , you can develop as many words as you can which are related with the components of scientific investiga- tion using the acronym PDHECA to remember each step. P- PROBLEM D– DATA E– EXPERIMENT H– HYPOTHESIS C– CONCLUSION A– APPLICATION

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

Scientists study the world by asking questions about it and seeking sci- ence-based answers. This method is common to other sciences as well and is of- ten referred to as the scientific method. The scientific method was used in an- cient times, but it was first documented by Sir Francis Bacon (1561–1626) of England, who set up inductive methods for scientific investigation. The scientific method can be applied to all fields of study as a reasonable, rational, problem- solving technique. The scientific procedure typically starts with an observation that leads to an inquiry. An example of how these components are used is given in the chart below. Researchable Problems Independent Variable Dependent Variable Are more people infected with Covid- 19 under G e n er a l C o m m un i t y Quarantine (GCQ) or Modified Enhanced Com- m u n i t y Q u a r a n t i n e (MECQ)? The type of quarantine measures issued by the government in a specific area (GCQ, MECQ) The number of cases of people that are infected by Covid-19? (more or less number of cases) Do children and senior citizens in a city live more and weigh less than simi- lar individuals in a rural? The place where children and senior citizen live (city or in rural areas ) The age profile/ life span of children an/or senior citizen The weight (less or more) D Learning Task No. 2 : Based on your identified problem in Learning Task No. 1, determine the dependent, independent and controlled variable in your pro- posed testable or researchable problem Researchable Problem:____________________________________________ Dependent Variable( s):____________________________________________ Independent Variable (s):__________________________________________ Controlled Variable (s):____________________________________________

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

A Learning Task No. 4 : Based on your gathered data in LT #3, analyze your re- sults. Write a paragraph to show the results of your simple investigative study. Researchable Problem Hypoth- esis Varia- bles Data gath- ered Results and Discussion Conclusion Sample: Are more peo- ple infected with Covid 19 under General Community Quarantine (GCQ) or Modi- fied Enhanced Community Quarantine (MECQ)? Hypothe- sis No.1. More people are in- fected with Covid 19 under GCQ than MECQ? Hypothe- sis No.2. Less peo- ple are infected with Covid 19 under GCQ than MECQ? Depend- ent Vari- able: More or less peo- ple are infected Inde- pendent Variable: GCQ and MECQ Con- stant Variable: Specific area un- der MECQ and GCQ under study. 200 cases of infected peo- ple are under GCQ in Area A. 150 cases of infected peo- ple are under MECQ in Area A. No reported cases for three days under GCQ but with sev- eral cases under MECQ. It was found out that there are more cases of infected people with Covid 19 in Area A with 200 cases under GCQ. There were about 50 cases less for people infected with Covid 19 in Area A under MECQ. I therefore con- clude that un- der GCQ, more people are in- fected with Covid 19. My answer: Identified Prob- lem in LT No. 1:

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

1. What skill does a scientist show when she listens to the sounds that whales makes? A. Making a hypothesis B. Making observations C. Interpreting data D. Drawing conclusion

2. Which question would be the best high level scientific question? A. How many giraffes live in Africa? B. Who made the first microscope? C. How long ago did dinosaurs live on Earth? D. Does the amount of salt in water affect the temperature at which it boils?

3. What do you call the series of steps designed to help you solve problems and answer questions? A. Observation C. Hypothesis B. Scientific Method D. Experiment

4. In science, an educated guess is called a/an A. Conclusion C. Hypothesis B. Observation D. Question

5. When you decide whether or not the data supports the original hypothesis, you are A. Asking questions C. Making observations B. Drawing conclusions D. Forming a hypothesis

6. When a scientist shares her findings with other scientists, she is A. Experimenting C. Analyzing data B. Making a hypothesis D. Communicating results

7. The final part or a summary of reasonable inferences is/an A. Controlled experiment C. Hypothesis B. Question D. Conclusion

8. Anything that can change in an experiment is called_________. A. Variable C. Experiment B. Hypothesis D. Conclusion

9. All good experiment should be A. Questionable C. Explainable B. Testable D. Thoughtful

10. Which of the following does not belong to the group? A. Hypothesis C. Experiment B. Conclusion D. Plagiary A Learning Task No. 5 : Choose the letter of the best correct answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

Elements A chemical element is a pure substance that consists of one type of atom. Each atom has an atomic number, which represents the number of pro- tons that are in the nucleus of a single atom of the element. The periodic table of elements is ordered by ascending atomic number. The chemical elements are divided into metals, metalloids and non – metals. Metals are typically found on the left side of the periodic table they are: often conductive to electricity, malleable, shiny, and sometimes magnetic. Aluminum, Iron, Copper, Gold, Mercury and Lead are examples of metals. Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table (to the right of the staircase), they are: typically not conductive, not malleable, dull (not shiny) and not magnetic. Examples of non-metals are carbon and oxy- gen. Metalloids have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals. Silicon and arsenic are examples of metalloids. Study the different elements found in the Periodic Table of Elements. This tool is used by scientists to determine quickly the properties of elements. For example, the first element found in the table is hydrogen. It has a symbol represented by capital letter H. Letter or letter, like in He, which is a symbol of Helium make up the list of the different elements in the table.

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

D Learning Task No. 2: Using the Periodic Table of Elements, determine the ele- ments asked in each guide question. Write your answer in your notebook. Guide Questions:

1. Which elements are likely to lose electrons?

   ---

   ---

2. Which elements are likely to gain electrons?

   ---

   ---

3. Which type of elements are likely to have no electrical charge at all?

   ---

   ---

Learning Task No. 1 : Study the Periodic Table of Elements as shown in the dia- gram above. Write twenty elements and their symbols in your notebook. Elements Symbol

4..

Elements Symbol

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

4. Which of these is the smallest particle? A. An atom B. A molecule C. An element D. A speck of dust
5. Which of these is the correct symbol for magnesium A. MG B. mg C. Mg D. Mag
6. A pure substance which atoms are of the same type is called A. Mixture B. Compound C. Element D. All of the Above
7. Examples of noble gases are: A. Hydrogen and Helium C. Helium and Neon B. Nobelium and Einsteinium D. Magnesium and Chlorine
8. The lightest gas is: A. Helium B. Oxygen C. Neon D. Carbon Dioxide
9. The tool used by scientists to determine easily the properties of elements. A. Mendeleev’s Table C. Chemistry Element Table B. Periodic Table of Elements D. Octet Table
10. The chemical symbols of chlorine, potassium, copper, sodium, nitrogen and iron in order are: A. C l, P, Co, So, Ni, I C. Cl, K, Co, So, N, Fe B. C, K, Co, Na, N, Fe D. Cl, K, Cu, Na, N, Fe
11. Which of the following is a compound? A. Wood B. Iron C. Water D. Air
12. A substance containing two or more elements chemically bonded together is considered a(n): A. mixture B. atom C. alloy D. compound
13. How many different atoms are there in a compound? A. one C. two or more B. always two D. none of these A Learning Task No. 5: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen let- ter on a separate sheet of paper.

PIVOT 4A CALABARZON

Lesson I Substances and Mixtures When different substances are physically mixed together mixtures are formed. But how does a mixture differs from a pure substance? Have you ever prepared a chocolate drink? Have you ever noticed what happened if you let your chocolate drink sit for a while? Well, sometimes the chocolate powder will settle on the bottom of the glass. We call it mixtures. Sometimes, two or more ingredients look all the same when mixed together and sometimes they do not. In this lesson, you will find out the difference between mixtures and pure substances based on a set of properties. Matter can be classified into pure substances and mixtures. When two or more kinds of matter are put together it is called a mixture. Mixtures can be made with solids, liquids or gases. Any combination will result in a mixture. A pure substance consists of one phase with definite composition which appears uniform in appearance and composition, regardless of its size. You learned about solutions like milk, juice and coffee are examples of a mixture. A solution may exist in any phase and it is consist of a solute and a solvent. The dissolving agent is the solvent and the substance that is dissolved is the solute. As you go along with this lesson, you will learn other examples of mix- tures other than solutions. You will also learn about pure substances and its example. The picture below shows some examples of materials. From this dia- gram, what can you say about substances and mixtures? WEEK 3