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Muscle Anatomy: Actions and Functions, Exercises of Nursing

Johns Hopkins University (JHU)Nursing

A detailed overview of various muscles in the human body and their corresponding actions. It covers muscles from different regions, including the head, neck, trunk, and limbs, outlining their specific functions such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. This resource is useful for students studying anatomy and kinesiology, offering a concise reference for muscle actions. It includes key muscles like the trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and many others, detailing their roles in movement and stabilization. The document also lists muscle groups such as the rotator cuff muscles, hamstring muscles, and abdominal muscles, providing a comprehensive guide to muscle actions.

Typology: Exercises

2024/2025

Available from 06/18/2025

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IUPUI Biol N261 Exam 3 Muscles and
Actions
Trapezius - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and abducts head, and adducts scapula, fixes
scapula
Deltoid - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates
arm
Pectoralis major - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
Pectoralis minor - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depress glenoid cavity, raises ribs 3-5
Latissimus dorsi - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; draws
shoulder inferiorly
Supraspinatus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts arm, helps stabilizes shoulder joint
Infraspinatus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
Subscapularis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Medially rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint
Teres minor - ANSWER>>>>>>>Laterally rotates and adducts arm, stabilizes shoulder
joint
Biceps brachii - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes arm, flexes forearm, supinates hand
Triceps brachii - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and adducts arm, extends forearm
Coracobrachialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and adducts arm
Brachioradialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes forearm
Supinator - ANSWER>>>>>>>Supinates hand
Pronator teres - ANSWER>>>>>>>Pronates hand, flexes forearm
Palmaris longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes hand
Flexor carpi radialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and abducts hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and adducts hand
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IUPUI Biol N261 Exam 3 Muscles and

Actions

Trapezius - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and abducts head, and adducts scapula, fixes scapula Deltoid - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates arm Pectoralis major - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm Pectoralis minor - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depress glenoid cavity, raises ribs 3- 5 Latissimus dorsi - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm; draws shoulder inferiorly Supraspinatus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts arm, helps stabilizes shoulder joint Infraspinatus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Laterally rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint Subscapularis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Medially rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder joint Teres minor - ANSWER>>>>>>>Laterally rotates and adducts arm, stabilizes shoulder joint Biceps brachii - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes arm, flexes forearm, supinates hand Triceps brachii - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and adducts arm, extends forearm Coracobrachialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and adducts arm Brachioradialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes forearm Supinator - ANSWER>>>>>>>Supinates hand Pronator teres - ANSWER>>>>>>>Pronates hand, flexes forearm Palmaris longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes hand Flexor carpi radialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and abducts hand Flexor carpi ulnaris - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and adducts hand

Flexor digitorum superficialis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes proximal and middle phalanges, flexes hand Flexor pollicis longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes thumb Extensor carpi radialis longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and abducts hand Extensor carpi radialis brevis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and abducts hand Extensor carpi ulnaris - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and adducts hand Extensor digitorum - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends phalanges, extends hand Abductor pollicis longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts thumb Extensor pollicis longus and brevis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends thumb Teres major - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm The 4 rotator cuff muscles - ANSWER>>>>>>>-Supraspinatus

  • Infraspinatus
  • Sunscapularis
  • Teres minor Iliopsoas (Iliacus and psoas major) - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes thigh and lumbar vertebrae The 5 muscles of medial compartment of thigh - ANSWER>>>>>>>-Adductor magnus
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Gracilis The 5 muscles of anterior compartment of thigh - ANSWER>>>>>>>-Sartorius
  • Vastus Intermedius (deep)
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis The 4 quadriceps femoris muscles - ANSWER>>>>>>>-Vastus Intermedius (deep)
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis Sartorius - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg

Flexor digitorum longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes toes, plantar flexes and inverts foot Flexor hallucis longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes hallux, inverts foot Tibialis anterior - ANSWER>>>>>>>Dorsiflexes and inverts foot Extensor digitorum longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot Extensor hallucis longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends hallux, dorsiflexes foot Fibularis longus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Plantar flexes and everts foot Levator scapulae - ANSWER>>>>>>>Elevates scapula, abducts and rotates neck Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes and rotates neck, elevates rib 1 and 2 Sternocleidomastoid - ANSWER>>>>>>>Rotates and flexes head Sternohyoid - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depresses hyoid Sternothyroid - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depresses thyroid cartilage Omohyoid (superior and inferior belly) - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depresses hyoid Platysma - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depresses lower lip, opens jaw Digastric (anterior and posterior belly) - ANSWER>>>>>>>Elevates, protracts, retracts hyoid; opens mandible Frontalis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly Occipitalis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Draws scalp posteriorly Temporalis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Closes mandible Masseter - ANSWER>>>>>>>Closes mandible Orbicularis oculi - ANSWER>>>>>>>Closes eyelid Orbicularis oris - ANSWER>>>>>>>Closes lips Mentalis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Protrudes lower lip Risorius - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts corner of mouth (draws edge of mouth lateral)

Buccinator - ANSWER>>>>>>>Compresses cheek Zygomaticus major - ANSWER>>>>>>>Elevates corners of mouth (in smiling and laughing) External abdominal oblique - ANSWER>>>>>>>Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk Internal abdominal oblique - ANSWER>>>>>>>Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk Transversus abdominis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk Rectus abdominis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall The 4 ab muscles - ANSWER>>>>>>>-External abdominal oblique

  • Internal abdominal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis Serratus anterior - ANSWER>>>>>>>Abducts scapula, rotates scapula to elevate shoulder External intercostals - ANSWER>>>>>>>Elevates ribs (increases volume in thorax) Internal intercostals - ANSWER>>>>>>>Depresses ribs (decreases volume in thorax) The erector spinae (I love spagetti) muscles - ANSWER>>>>>>>-Iliocostalis
  • Longissimus
  • Spinalis Iliocostalis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and rotates vertebral column and head Longissimus - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and rotates vertebral column and head Spinalis - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and rotates vertebral column and head Rhomboideus major - ANSWER>>>>>>>Adducts scapula (draws scapulae together) Rhomboideus minor - ANSWER>>>>>>>Adducts scapula (draws scapulae together) Splenius - ANSWER>>>>>>>Extends and rotates head Rectus sheath - ANSWER>>>>>>>Encloses the abdominal muscles