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Introduction
Intravenous (IV) cannulation is one of the most commonly performed procedures in nursing
and medical practice. It provides direct access to the venous circulation for administration
of fluids, medications, blood products, and nutrients. IV cannulation is essential in
emergency care, surgical procedures, and routine hospital treatment. Proper technique
and aseptic precautions are necessary to prevent complications such as infection and
thrombophlebitis.
Definition
Intravenous cannulation is a medical procedure in which a sterile plastic cannula is
inserted into a vein using a needle to establish venous access for the administration of
fluids, medications, blood, or nutrients.
Objectives / Purpose
The main objectives of IV cannulation are:
• To administer intravenous fluids.
• To give medications directly into the bloodstream.
• To transfuse blood and blood products.
• To provide parenteral nutrition.
• To obtain blood samples for laboratory investigations.
• To maintain venous access in emergency situations.
• To correct electrolyte imbalance and dehydration.
Indications
• IV cannulation is indicated in the following situations:
• Severe dehydration
• Shock
• Administration of IV drugs
• Blood transfusion
• During surgical procedures
• Chemotherapy
• Administration of antibiotics
• Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
